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UK must speak up on Manning – MP

Welsh MP says UK must challenge US over treatment of marine being detained for alleged leak of state secrets to WikiLeaks Britain risks losing its moral authority if it fails to officially challenge the US government on its “cruel and uneccessary” treatment of the US marine Bradley Manning, parliament is to be told. Ann Clwyd, chair of the all-party parliamentary group on human rights, will on Monday evening say UK’s credibility in “places where human rights are not nearly so well observed” is at risk. She will call on the government to offer practical support to the British-based relatives of Manning, who is currently imprisoned on a US marine base, accused of leaking state secrets to the WikiLeaks website. “I do not want us to get drawn into a discussion of the rights and wrongs of the WikiLeaks revelations. I would like us now to concentrate on the current conditions of detention for Bradley Manning,” Clywd is expected to say at the adjournment debate speech. “Manning’s case is important because of the message it sends out to the rest of the world about what kind of treatment the United States thinks is acceptable for people in detention. And, for us, it is important what we say – or what we don’t say – because of the message that it sends out about what kind of treatment we in the United Kingdom and in the UK government think is acceptable. “That matters in places where human rights are not nearly so well observed. People will pay attention in China and in Russia. And in Libya where we want to be on the side of those fighting for freedom from state repression. “And most of all in Afghanistan: It matters to those UK and US service personnel fighting in Afghanistan what kind of image Britain and the US have in the world.” Clwyd will draw on her experiences during the seven years she spent as special envoy to Iraq on human rights. “It is my view that some of the greatest damage was caused to British and American efforts in Iraq when the stories of prisoner abuse emerged,” she will say. “It undermined our moral authority at a time when we needed to explain that we were fighting for a better future for Iraq “The United States – and the UK, in the way we respond to actions of the US – needs to preserve that moral authority if we are to have a positive impact on the world and lead by example.” Praising The Guardian’s coverage of Manning’s treatment in the US, Clwyd said she would be willing to visit the solider if his family asked her to. “I have read the several accounts of Bradley’s treatment which have appeared in the press – some very good accounts have been in the Guardian and from David Leigh in particular,” she will say. But the account to which she has paid most attention is Bradley’s own, in which he complains of “improper treatment” and “unlawful pre-trial punishment”. Clwyd is the only politician to have directly questioned the foreign secretary, William Hague, over the government’s position on Manning. She has sponsored an early day motion calling for the government to raise the case with the US administration. The motion is supported by 37 MPs, including co-sponsors Peter Bottomley, Jeremy Corbyn, Mark Durkan and Paul Flynn. Hague has previously said the UK government has not intervened because Manning’s lawyer has said the soldier “does not hold a UK passport, nor does he consider himself a UK citizen”. “Our standing on this matter is limited,” Hague said during a parlimentary debate last month. “[Manning] is not asking for our help, nor considering himself British.” But Clwyd is expected to call Hague’s response a red herring. She will point out that Manning’s mother, Susan, is Welsh and lives in Pembrokeshire, where Manning lived between the ages of 13 and 17. and she will point to calls from Manning’s lawyer, David Coombs, for his client’s detention status to be changed. Manning’s treatment in the military prison in Quantico, Virginia, “ignores the repeated recommendations of the marine corps’ own appointed psychiatrists”, Coombs has said. His treatment “serves no purpose other than to humiliate and degrade Bradley Manning. I regard it as cruel and unnecessary.” Human Rights Watch has called on the US government to “explain the precise reasons behind extremely restrictive and possibly punitive and degrading treatment” that Manning alleges he has received. Amnesty International has said “Manning is being subjected to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. This is particularly disturbing when one considers that he hasn’t even been brought to trial, let alone convicted of a crime.” The UN special rapporteur on torture is understood to have raised his concerns with the US administration and is waiting for a response. Clwyd quoted a recent column written for the Guardian by PJ Crowley , who resigned as spokesman for the US state department after criticising Manning’s treatment, in which he repeated his conviction that it was “ridiculous, counterproductive, and stupid”. Bradley Manning Foreign policy US military US national security WikiLeaks United States Amelia Hill guardian.co.uk

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2,600 navy and army staff go in cuts

Navy pilots, Gurkhas and troops serving in Afghanistan among those to lose jobs in initial round of military redundancies Some 1,600 navy personnel and 1,000 soldiers will lose their jobs in the initial round of defence cuts, senior military officials have announced. Gurkhas will be among those going in the army’s first round of redundancies, while troops now serving in Afghanistan may not be saved and Navy pilots will be among those losing their jobs. Around half the redundancies in the army are expected to be compulsory. The head of army manning, Brigadier Richard Nugee, said the 3,500-strong Brigade of Gurkhas would lose about 50 soldiers. There was a surplus number of Gurkhas because changes made to their terms of service in 2008 meant they could now serve for 22 years rather than the previous 15-year limit. “Opportunities for promotion within the brigade are being severely limited by the current situation,” Nugee said. “We are committed to a strong and vibrant Brigade of Gurkhas into the future and therefore must take action to ensure that, like the rest of the army, their structures and manning are in the best possible shape by the end of this process.” Fifteen out of the 59 navy fast jets pilots will be made redundant as a result of the decision in last year’s defence review to get rid of Britain’s fleet of Harrier jumpjets. The redundancies are part of 17,000 in the armed forces – 7,000 from the army, 5,000 from the RAF, and 5,000 from the navy – announced in the review. Military Defence policy Gurkhas Richard Norton-Taylor guardian.co.uk

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2,600 navy and army staff go in cuts

Navy pilots, Gurkhas and troops serving in Afghanistan among those to lose jobs in initial round of military redundancies Some 1,600 navy personnel and 1,000 soldiers will lose their jobs in the initial round of defence cuts, senior military officials have announced. Gurkhas will be among those going in the army’s first round of redundancies, while troops now serving in Afghanistan may not be saved and Navy pilots will be among those losing their jobs. Around half the redundancies in the army are expected to be compulsory. The head of army manning, Brigadier Richard Nugee, said the 3,500-strong Brigade of Gurkhas would lose about 50 soldiers. There was a surplus number of Gurkhas because changes made to their terms of service in 2008 meant they could now serve for 22 years rather than the previous 15-year limit. “Opportunities for promotion within the brigade are being severely limited by the current situation,” Nugee said. “We are committed to a strong and vibrant Brigade of Gurkhas into the future and therefore must take action to ensure that, like the rest of the army, their structures and manning are in the best possible shape by the end of this process.” Fifteen out of the 59 navy fast jets pilots will be made redundant as a result of the decision in last year’s defence review to get rid of Britain’s fleet of Harrier jumpjets. The redundancies are part of 17,000 in the armed forces – 7,000 from the army, 5,000 from the RAF, and 5,000 from the navy – announced in the review. Military Defence policy Gurkhas Richard Norton-Taylor guardian.co.uk

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2,600 navy and army staff go in cuts

Navy pilots, Gurkhas and troops serving in Afghanistan among those to lose jobs in initial round of military redundancies Some 1,600 navy personnel and 1,000 soldiers will lose their jobs in the initial round of defence cuts, senior military officials have announced. Gurkhas will be among those going in the army’s first round of redundancies, while troops now serving in Afghanistan may not be saved and Navy pilots will be among those losing their jobs. Around half the redundancies in the army are expected to be compulsory. The head of army manning, Brigadier Richard Nugee, said the 3,500-strong Brigade of Gurkhas would lose about 50 soldiers. There was a surplus number of Gurkhas because changes made to their terms of service in 2008 meant they could now serve for 22 years rather than the previous 15-year limit. “Opportunities for promotion within the brigade are being severely limited by the current situation,” Nugee said. “We are committed to a strong and vibrant Brigade of Gurkhas into the future and therefore must take action to ensure that, like the rest of the army, their structures and manning are in the best possible shape by the end of this process.” Fifteen out of the 59 navy fast jets pilots will be made redundant as a result of the decision in last year’s defence review to get rid of Britain’s fleet of Harrier jumpjets. The redundancies are part of 17,000 in the armed forces – 7,000 from the army, 5,000 from the RAF, and 5,000 from the navy – announced in the review. Military Defence policy Gurkhas Richard Norton-Taylor guardian.co.uk

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2,600 navy and army staff go in cuts

Navy pilots, Gurkhas and troops serving in Afghanistan among those to lose jobs in initial round of military redundancies Some 1,600 navy personnel and 1,000 soldiers will lose their jobs in the initial round of defence cuts, senior military officials have announced. Gurkhas will be among those going in the army’s first round of redundancies, while troops now serving in Afghanistan may not be saved and Navy pilots will be among those losing their jobs. Around half the redundancies in the army are expected to be compulsory. The head of army manning, Brigadier Richard Nugee, said the 3,500-strong Brigade of Gurkhas would lose about 50 soldiers. There was a surplus number of Gurkhas because changes made to their terms of service in 2008 meant they could now serve for 22 years rather than the previous 15-year limit. “Opportunities for promotion within the brigade are being severely limited by the current situation,” Nugee said. “We are committed to a strong and vibrant Brigade of Gurkhas into the future and therefore must take action to ensure that, like the rest of the army, their structures and manning are in the best possible shape by the end of this process.” Fifteen out of the 59 navy fast jets pilots will be made redundant as a result of the decision in last year’s defence review to get rid of Britain’s fleet of Harrier jumpjets. The redundancies are part of 17,000 in the armed forces – 7,000 from the army, 5,000 from the RAF, and 5,000 from the navy – announced in the review. Military Defence policy Gurkhas Richard Norton-Taylor guardian.co.uk

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Bianna Golodryga Spins for Clinton, Worries That Obama Is ‘Giving in Too Much’ to GOP on Budget

Good Morning America’s Bianna Golodryga conducted a fawning interview with Bill Clinton on Monday and fretted that Barack Obama is “ giving in too much to Republican demands ” on the 2011 budget. The ABC journalist offered the former President, the ex-boss of GMA co-host George Stephanopoulos, no tough questions. Instead, she chose broad, softball queries about the Clinton Global Initiative. At one point, Golodryga, who is married to Barack Obama’s former budget director, fawned, “We also saw your daughter moderate a panel yesterday. What was she talking about?” The reporter also pushed Clinton as to whether Obama should “take on those who question where he was born.” She challenged, “ I mean, do you think at this point, do you think the President should just say, ‘You know what? I'm sick of taking the high road’ and just either fight back or handle this once and for all? ” GMA has repeatedly tried to tie the Republican Party in general to the birther movement. On March 17 , Stephanopoulos highlighted comments by Donald Trump. On February 17 , 2011, he badgered Congresswoman Michele Bachmann to declare the President a Christian and a citizen: “You know, a sizable number of GOP primary voters are questioning President Obama's faith and citizenship. Can you just state very clearly that President Obama is a Christian and he is a citizen of the United States? A transcript of the April 14 segment, which aired at 7:13am EDT, follows:

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NBC Uses Obama Re-election Bid to Pressure GOP Candidates to Announce; No Mention of President’s Weak Poll Numbers

At the top of Monday's Today on NBC, co-host Matt Lauer touted “breaking news” of President Obama announcing his re-election bid: “…the expected announcement comes with a prediction, he could become the first candidate ever to raise a billion dollars.” Lauer then added: “Will Republican hopefuls sitting on the sidelines be compelled to dive in as well?” While fill-in co-host Ann Curry noted the announcement was “not a surprise” the broadcast still lead with a full report on the topic. Like Lauer, White House correspondent Savannah Guthrie highlighted Obama's fundraising efforts while noting the lack of formal announcements from Republican candidates: “The President is already planning fundraising trips this month to Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York, while the Republican race is still off to a slower start.” A sound bite was featured from Washington Post political analyst Chris Cillizza, who predicted: “I think the President announcing or forming his committee to raise money will, in fact, be an alarm, a wake-up call for some of these Republicans to say, 'I better get in now because I'm starting to lag behind and that's always dangerous.'” Meanwhile, the report failed to discuss the President's actual chances for re-election, making no mention of his weak poll numbers. The latest Gallup poll shows Obama's approval and disapproval ratings tied at 46%, hardly a strong position for an incumbent president. Here is a full transcript of the April 4 segment: 7:00AM ET TEASE: MATT LAUER: He's in. President Obama has kicked off his re-election bid in a new web video this morning. And the expected announcement comes with a prediction, he could become the first candidate ever to raise a billion dollars. Will Republican hopefuls sitting on the sidelines be compelled to dive in as well? [ON-SCREEN HEADLINE: Breaking News] 7:03AM ET TEASE: ANN CURRY: And today's announcement that the President will seek re-election is not a surprise, but the timing is a bit unexpected, Matt. MATT LAUER: That's right, the new web video was posted on the campaign website overnight and now NBC News has learned the President plans to file the appropriate paperwork this morning, making it all official. Again, not unexpected. We'll get the very latest from the White House in a live report coming up straight ahead.

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How many solicitors are there?

The number of solicitors are growing at four times the rate of the population – find out where they are, their ethnicity and how the numbers have changed • Get the data The number of solicitors qualified to work in England and Wales has rocketed over the past 30 years, according to new figures from the Law Society . The number holding certificates – which excludes retired lawyers and those no longer following a legal career – are at nearly 118,000, up 36% on ten years ago. The population of England and Wales has only grown at 10% over the same period. The report, published as a PDF , gives a comprehensive view of being a solicitor today, including: • Women accounted for approaching half of all working solicitors, a significant shift in the profile of the profession since 2000 when almost two-thirds were men • Nearly three-quarters of solicitors work in private practice and a significant number, 20,245, in financial firms in the City • 58% of women gained first or upper second class degrees in law courses compared to 54.2% for men • Nearly half of all male solicitors in private practive (48.1%) are partners in law firms whereas only 21.1.% of women achieve that level The geographic split is weighted disproportionately toward the City of London – there are 1,760 solicitors for every 1,000 residents there. But apart from that anomaly, London dominates. It is also becoming a more ethnically varied profession. Around 11.1% of practising solicitors were from black and minority ethnic backgrounds, up from 10.6% the previous year – and a big change from 2001. We’ve extracted the data from the PDFs for you – what can you do with it? Data summary Download the data • DATA: download the full spreadsheet More data Data journalism and data visualisations from the Guardian World government data • Search the world’s government data with our gateway Development and aid data • Search the world’s global development data with our gateway Can you do something with this data? • Flickr Please post your visualisations and mash-ups on our Flickr group • Contact us at data@guardian.co.uk • Get the A-Z of data • More at the Datastore directory • Follow us on Twitter • Like us on Facebook Solicitors Race issues Simon Rogers guardian.co.uk

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A pill to enhance moral behaviour?

Researchers say morality treatments could used instead of prison and might even help humanity tackle global issues A pill to enhance moral behaviour, a treatment for racist thoughts, a therapy to increase your empathy for people in other countries – these may sound like the stuff of science fiction but with medicine getting closer to altering our moral state, society should be preparing for the consequences, according to a book that reviews scientific developments in the field. Drugs such as Prozac that alter a patient’s mental state already have an impact on moral behaviour, but scientists predict that future medical advances may allow much more sophisticated manipulations. The field is in its infancy, but “it’s very far from being science fiction”, said Dr Guy Kahane , deputy director of the Oxford Centre for Neuroethics and a Wellcome Trust biomedical ethics award winner. “Science has ignored the question of moral improvement so far, but it is now becoming a big debate,” he said. “There is already a growing body of research you can describe in these terms. Studies show that certain drugs affect the ways people respond to moral dilemmas by increasing their sense of empathy, group affiliation and by reducing aggression.” Researchers have become very interested in developing biomedical technologies capable of intervening in the biological processes that affect moral behaviour and moral thinking, according to Dr Tom Douglas , a Wellcome Trust research fellow at Oxford University’s Uehiro Centre. “It is a very hot area of scientific study right now.” He is co-author of Enhancing Human Capacities , published on Monday, which includes a chapter on moral enhancement. Drugs that affect our moral thinking and behaviour already exist, but we tend not to think of them in that way. [Prozac] lowers aggression and bitterness against environment and so could be said to make people more agreeable. Or Oxytocin, the so-called love hormone … increases feelings of social bonding and empathy while reducing anxiety,” he said. “Scientists will develop more of these drugs and create new ways of taking drugs we already know about. We can already, for example, take prescribed doses of Oxytocin as a nasal spray,” he said. But would pharmacologically-induced altruism, for example, amount to genuine moral behaviour? Guy Kahane, deputy director of the Oxford Centre for Neuroethics and a Wellcome Trust biomedical ethics award winner, said: “We can change people’s emotional responses but quite whether that improves their moral behaviour is not something science can answer.” He also admitted that it was unlikely people would “rush to take a pill that would make them morally better. “Becoming more trusting, nicer, less aggressive and less violent can make you more vulnerable to exploitation,” he said. “On the other hand, it could improve your relationships or help your career.” Kahane does not advocate putting morality drugs in the water supply, but he suggests that if administered widely they might help humanity to tackle global issues. “Relating to the plight of people on other side of the world or of future generations is not in our nature,” he said. “This new body of drugs could make possible feelings of global affiliation and of abstract empathy for future generations.” Ruud ter Meulen, chair in ethics in medicine and director of the centre for ethics in medicine at the University of Bristol, warned that while some drugs can improve moral behaviour, other drugs – and sometimes the same ones – can have the opposite effect. “While Oxytocin makes you more likely to trust and co-operate with others in your social group, it reduces empathy for those outside the group,” Meulen said. The use of deep brain stimulation, used to help those with Parkinson’s disease, has had unintended consequences, leading to cases where patients begin stealing from shops and even becoming sexually aggressive, he added. “Basic moral behaviour is to be helpful to others, feel responsible to others, have a sense of solidarity and sense of justice,” he said. “I’m not sure that drugs can ever achieve this. But there’s no question that they can make us more likeable, more social, less aggressive, more open attitude to other people,” he said. Meulen also suggested that moral-enhancement drugs might be used in the criminal justice system. “These drugs will be more effective in prevention and cure than prison,” he said. Medical research Ethics Amelia Hill guardian.co.uk

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Are you watching … Twenty Twelve?

BBC4′s Olympics mockumentary has an athletic gag-rate – it’s well worth taking for a couple of laps around the track Fans of spoof documentary have been starved of late … unless you count The Only Way is Essex. The Office is but a happy, hazy memory now and, to my mind, The Thick of It doesn’t qualify as mockumentary. It was the gloriously deadpan People Like Us , now off our screens for over a decade, which really nailed the hyper-real study of comic characters; making them zoo animals for our inspection. Nothing else has since equalled it. Until the writer of said comic masterpiece, John Morton , unsheathed his javelin wit to bring us Twenty Twelve , BBC4′s excruciatingly accurate mock-doc about a fictional and completely ineffectual committee tasked with planning the London Olympics. It should be on BBC2 at 9pm on a weekday so that everyone can admire its athletic gag-rate. But it remains nestled in a digital nook for the time being. Still, that’s how The Thick of It started. Some critics didn’t even give Twenty Twelve a medal position, saying it lacked the teeth of a true satire. But Morton’s work is a brilliantly awkward study of human idiocy rather than polemic. There has also been controversy surrounding Australian show The Games and Twenty Twelve’s genesis , with Australian producers claiming the BBC nicked their ideas – something the BBC denies. But regardless of who originated the idea, the sheer quality of Morton’s writing still shines. The magnificent Hugh Bonneville, now known to millions as that lord from Downton Abbey, plays Ian Fletcher, head of deliverance at the Olympic Deliverance Commission. He tries to retain control of a team of jargon-spouting idiots, clinging steadfastly to their management handbooks while totally missing the point, to great comic effect. Jessica Hynes is, in perhaps her greatest TV role to date, superb as the dead-eyed Siobhan Sharpe , a hair-flicking PR vacuum and the bane of Fletcher’s life. Her every utterance conveys that dangerous combination of ignorance and total confidence. Terrific support too comes from Olivia Colman (of Peep Show and Rev fame) who communicates so much as Fletcher’s lovelorn secretary with hardly any lines at all. She looks sadly at him through the glass partition, continually proffering unasked-for pastries and chocolate fridge cake. Amelia Bullmore is also flawlessly subtle as Kay Hope, head of sustainability, the woman who must find uses for every Olympic site after the games finish. She’s having trouble with the taekwondo area. The show collided spectacularly with real life recently when an episode about a giant clock/public art installation set to count down to the games coincided almost to the second with the real-life Olympic clock in Trafalgar Square grinding to a halt . You can’t help but compare those responsible to their dim-witted bunch TV counterparts. The cast are compelling to watch. It’s a mark of great direction (Morton again) that everyone knows exactly how to play – and not overplay – a scene to exactly the same degree. Even Lord Sebastian Coe did a convincing turn as himself in one episode. Some say the subject matter is beyond parody but Morton’s comedy isn’t just about the ridiculous “decisions by committee” culture of government bodies. It’s about the stupidity of human beings in general and can be enjoyed on so many levels because of it. With its relatively well-hidden presence on BBC Four you may not have caught it yet. Take it around the track for a couple of laps. It’s the kind of brilliant, well-crafted comedy that everyone says we don’t make any more. Television Julia Raeside guardian.co.uk

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