Speculation is growing that Greece is sliding towards the eurozone exit World stock markets fell on Monday as the growing prospect of a Greek default sent banking shares tumbling across Europe. The escalating financial crisis wiped 144 points off the FTSE 100, sending the index of blue-chip stocks down 2.6% to 5,071 at one stage. There were heavier losses in other European markets, with Germany’s DAX index falling more than 3% to its lowest level since July 2009. France’s three biggest banks all plunged by more than 10%, after senior German politicians appeared to accept that Greece may be forced to quit the eurozone. Speculation swept the City that Greece is sliding towards the eurozone exit, despite imposing a new property tax in an attempt to keep its fiscal plans on track. “Eurozone officials have appeared to be taking a hardline stance on Greek in recent sessions suggesting that the country may not see the next tranche of its bailout funds without more austerity, said Jane Foley of Rabobank. “The hardline position being taken against Greece has fed speculation that perhaps Germany is preparing for a Greek exit from the eurozone. Reports that Germany is increasingly focusing on ways to protect its banks in the event of a Greek default are circulating.” The prospect of Greece exiting the eurozone were fuelled by a senior member of Angela Merkel’s German government openly discussing the prospect that Athens might not receive its next slice of bailout cash. “The situation is very serious, more than some had thought,” said Peter Altmaier. “Exclusion from the eurozone is not legally possible at the moment. That means the Greeks must decide themselves if they stay in the eurozone or if an exit is better for them.” Lehman collapse could be repeated Amid the uncertainty, the euro fell to $1.36 against the dollar and hit a 10-year low against the Japanese yen. The major Asian stock markets all fell into the red, with the Nikkei falling 2.3% and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index losing 4.2%. Traders were disheartened that last weekend’s meeting of G7 finance ministers did not produce a detailed new plan to solve the European debt crisis . This helped to push the cost of insuring debt issued by Italy to a new all-time high. According to Markit, it now costs over €500,000 (£427,000) a year to insure €10m of Italian sovereign debt, a euro-era record. Credit ratings agency Moody’s is rumoured to be planning to cut the French banking sector’s credit rating, due to its exposure to Greek debt. In Paris, BNP Paribas’s shares fell 12%, with Société Générale losing 11.7% and Credit Agricole down 11.1%. The heavy falls came despite SocGen pledging to sell €4bn of assets to strengthen its balance sheet. “These fears are likely to manifest themselves in the form of further strains within the whole European banking system, as banks remain reluctant to lend to each other in a possible repeat of the 2008 Lehman crisis,” warned Michael Hewson, market analyst at CMC Markets. UK government debt remained a “safe haven” on Monday, with the yield – or interest rate – on 10-year sovereign debt dropping to 2.21%. European debt crisis European banks Greece Europe Stock markets Market turmoil Global economy Europe Graeme Wearden guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Strauss-Kahn has been interviewed by French police investigating alleged attack on journalist Tristane Banon Dominique Strauss-Kahn has been interviewed by French police investigating a second attempted rape allegation. The former head of the International Monetary Fund was questioned on Monday morning by officers carrying out a preliminary inquiry into allegations he attacked the novelist and journalist Tristane Banon when she went to interview him in 2003. Banon, now 32, claims Strauss-Kahn, 62, leapt on her and behaved like a “rutting chimpanzee”, accusations his lawyers describe as “fantasy”. Strauss-Kahn was quizzed by police just over a week after he arrived back in France from New York. Charges that he had sexually assaulted and attempted to rape a New York hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, were dropped after questions about her credibility were raised when it was revealed she had lied to immigration officers in order to stay in the United States. Diallo is now bringing a civil suit. In a statement, Strauss-Kahn’s lawyers said he had asked to be interviewed by police as a “witness” in the Banon case. Friends of the former socialist presidential hopeful said he wanted to “close the [Banon] affair”. The prosecutor’s office has until next month to decide whether to formally put Strauss-Kahn under investigation. In a recent message on her Facebook page, Banon said she was full of “nausea” since Strauss-Kahn’s return to France. Several women protested outside his home in the chic Place des Vosges in Paris at the weekend, demanding that he does not return to politics. Dominique Strauss-Kahn France Europe Kim Willsher guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Strauss-Kahn has been interviewed by French police investigating alleged attack on journalist Tristane Banon Dominique Strauss-Kahn has been interviewed by French police investigating a second attempted rape allegation. The former head of the International Monetary Fund was questioned on Monday morning by officers carrying out a preliminary inquiry into allegations he attacked the novelist and journalist Tristane Banon when she went to interview him in 2003. Banon, now 32, claims Strauss-Kahn, 62, leapt on her and behaved like a “rutting chimpanzee”, accusations his lawyers describe as “fantasy”. Strauss-Kahn was quizzed by police just over a week after he arrived back in France from New York. Charges that he had sexually assaulted and attempted to rape a New York hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, were dropped after questions about her credibility were raised when it was revealed she had lied to immigration officers in order to stay in the United States. Diallo is now bringing a civil suit. In a statement, Strauss-Kahn’s lawyers said he had asked to be interviewed by police as a “witness” in the Banon case. Friends of the former socialist presidential hopeful said he wanted to “close the [Banon] affair”. The prosecutor’s office has until next month to decide whether to formally put Strauss-Kahn under investigation. In a recent message on her Facebook page, Banon said she was full of “nausea” since Strauss-Kahn’s return to France. Several women protested outside his home in the chic Place des Vosges in Paris at the weekend, demanding that he does not return to politics. Dominique Strauss-Kahn France Europe Kim Willsher guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …On opening day of TUC’s annual conference, Brendan Barber says government’s case for public sector pension reform has been ‘comprehensively blown out of the water’ The leader of the TUC has refused to rule out further widespread industrial action over “utterly unacceptable” reforms to the pension schemes of around 6 million workers. Brendan Barber warned the prospect of mass walkouts was “finely balanced” because of the lack of progress in the talks. Barber, who is due to address delegates at the opening day of the TUC conference, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme he believed unions would get broad public support if forced to resort to industrial action, because the government’s case for reforms had been “comprehensively blown out of the water”. His comments came as leaders of the heavyweight unions made clear they were prepared to lead millions of workers on mass walkouts unless serious negotiations began to take place. As delegates representing 55 unions under the TUC umbrella gather in central London for the first day of their annual conference, Barber said: “We are in the middle of difficult negotiations at the moment on the issue of public service pensions. “Six million public service workers [are] fearful that their pensions are to be stripped down in a way that is utterly unacceptable. I hope that negotiations will be able to reach a settlement without the need of further industrial action, but it’s very finely balanced at the moment and as things stand we are a long way away from reaching that settlement and therefore we could see further widespread industrial action.” He cited figures from the Office for Budget Responsibility and Lord Hutton’s report on public sector pensions, which pointed to the fact that the cost of pensions as a proportion of GDP was set to fall over the coming decade. “So the changes they want to make are not driven by fears of affordability,” he said. Len McCluskey, the leader of the Unite union, told the Observer this weekend that “every conceivable form of protest and action should be carefully considered” in protest at coalition cuts to pensions and public services, from civil disobedience through to co-ordinated industrial strikes. Dave Prentis, leader of the country’s largest public sector union, Unison, conceded on Monday that the failure to make progress in the talks was building up to a “serious issue”. He told Today his union was prepared to ballot over 1 million public sector workers if talks failed, though striking was the last resort for members. “This is really building up to be a serious issue,” said Prentis. “We have got time to negotiate, we’ve still got I think two to three months to try and sort things out; we want to sort things out, we want sustainable viable schemes that give dignity to people.” On the prospect of taking strike action, Prentis said: “We represent nurses, we represent workers who look after very vulnerable children. In all the caring services in our society, it’s actually our members who provide those resources but you can’t have a year of talks and have not moved one iota in those talks. “Because at some point if it goes on like this … I can see a stage where the government will just impose by diktat and we will move to industrial action and that day will come ever closer.” Mark Serwotka, general secretary of the Public and Commercial Services Union, said pressure from public sector workers will mean the government will “have to have a rethink” on their plans for pensions and spending cuts. Serwotka, who claimed last week that unions were preparing to co-ordinate strike actin in November, told Today: “We’re in for a very, very bumpy ride if that remains the government position. However, we hope that as they see more and more professional public sector workers, we think supported by many, many people in the country, stand up and say ‘this is wrong’ that they’ll have to have a rethink.” He said the coalition government did not have a mandate for its plans. “The Liberal Democrats opposed most of these measures in the last general election and we think the lack of mandate, the lack of popular support for what they’re doing will become more and more apparent as we see people prepared to take industrial action, campaigns spring up locally to defend local services.” Serwotka added: “We think that can create enough opposition to force the government to have a rethink.” The 143rd annual Trades Union Congress is set to focus on the economy. Barber said ahead of his keynote speech there were fears unemployment would rise because the economy was “flatlining”. Barber, who makes his speech on the same day that the government-commissioned Vickers report outlines plans for reforming UK banks , will urge unions to “shift the debate” away from deficit reduction and on to building a new economy. “We have virtually no growth in the economy,” Barber told BBC news. “Our fears are that unemployment will rise further and for a lot of ordinary families their living costs are facing a real squeeze. “The government’s approach of having these huge cuts and focusing on austerity rather than growth is taking us in the wrong direction. We need to change course and that argument will be coming through in our debate today.” TUC Trade unions Brendan Barber Len McCluskey Dave Prentis Conferences Pensions Public sector careers Public sector cuts Public services policy Public finance Public sector pay Public sector pensions Hélène Mulholland guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Human Rights Watch report catalogues groups acting with impunity, undermining key plank in Nato troop reduction plans US-backed Afghan militias are committing murder, rape, torture and extortion, risking increasing support for the insurgent groups they were designed to fight against, a prominent human rights group said on Monday. Militias including the Afghan Local Police (ALP) – seen as a key plank in Nato’s troop reduction plans – suffer from poor oversight, and no accountability, and are prone to act with impunity, Human Rights Watch said. The ALP programme was introduced by the former commander of foreign forces in Afghanistan, General David Petraeus, despite opposition from a sceptical President Hamid Karzai, who had it “forced down his throat like a foie gras goose”, a military official told the Guardian. One of Petraeus’s predecessors, General Dan McNeill, had rebuffed British attempts to arm militias after warning in 2008 that “there has been some good work here to get those things back in the box”. The year-old ALP scheme is the latest attempt by the Nato-led mission in Afghanistan to create local militias in areas where the country’s security forces are lacking. According to Petraeus, it was “arguably the most critical element in our effort to help Afghanistan develop the capability to secure itself”. It is supported by US special forces and overseen by the Afghan ministry of the interior and is being expanded after initial success in some areas where the local militias beat back insurgents. But Human Rights Watch’s 102-page report Just Don’t Call it a Militia, released on Monday, details how the US-funded “high risk” and “quick fix” solution has been plagued by poor design, a lack of oversight and insufficient vetting of the 7,000 recruits, some of whom are either criminal or insurgents. The US has approved funding for a further 23,000 ALP recruits. Human Rights Watch says the ALP has improved security in some areas but it has uncovered multiple examples of shocking human rights abuses that threatens to undermine its worth. In one of the worst examples of brutality, ALP militiamen detained two teenage boys on suspicion of planting roadside bombs in the district of Shindand in Herat province. An elder told Human Rights Watch: “Other elders and I went to the ALP base to collect (one of the boys). He had been beaten and nails had been hammered into his feet.” The most serious cases of abuse involve the killing and gang rape of child suspects, beatings, land grabs and the forcible collection of ushr , an informal tax. None of the cases had resulted in any action against the perpetrators, often because of the ALP’s links to powerful figures, the report says. “Patronage links to senior officials in the local security forces and the central government allow supposedly pro-government militias to terrorise local communities and operate with impunity,” said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch. The report details the expansion of Afghan government-backed militias, which are known as arbakai , in the northern province of Kunduz that was done to “prevent a Taliban takeover”. But the district governor of Khanabad, Nizamuddin Nashir, told Human Rights Watch the groups were operating lawlessly. “They collect (taxes), take the daughters of the people, they do things against the wives of the people, they take their horses, sheep, anything,” he said. Human Rights Watch called for the disbandment of such irregular armed groups and for the US and Afghan governments to tighten vetting procedures and provide better oversight of the ALP. It also wants to ensure that allegations of abuse are investigated in accordance with the Leahy Law that forbids US military assistance to any foreign security force involved in human rights abuses for which it is not held accountable. “While there is a need for more security at the village level, the Afghan and US governments should be very careful not to repeat the mistakes of militias past,” Adams said. “If quick corrections are not made, the ALP could end up being just another militia that causes more problems than it cures.” The Nato-led International Security Assistance Force is yet to respond to the report but has previously described the ALP as successful at combating insurgents. Afghanistan US military Nato United States US foreign policy guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …On one-day visit to Moscow, Cameron strikes conciliatory tone but also urges Russia to stamp out corruption, and reiterates demand for extradition of Andrei Lugovoi David Cameron has called for Russia to redouble its efforts to stamp out corruption and said there would be no let-up in UK demands for the extradition of the man suspected of killing a Russian spy in the UK. In a speech to Moscow State University, Cameron broadly broached some uncomfortable issues for the two countries but his tone was conciliatory, saying he wanted to “rebuild” the relationship and put an end to the “tit-for-tat” behaviour of the two countries. He said: “I accept that Britain and Russia have had a difficult relationship for some time. And we should be candid about the areas where we still disagree. But I want to make the case for a new approach based on co-operation.” There were “sceptics” in both countries, he said, “who will doubt whether we can ever get beyond the competitive ideological instincts of our past”, but he said he would take on those groups. The prime minister has arrived in Moscow for a one-day bout of intense diplomacy, and will be afforded the first face-to-face contact for a British prime minister with the Russian, prime minister, Vladimir Putin, since 2007. His speech is intended to begin a modest rapprochement between the two countries, with officials acknowledging there remains an “impasse” on many major issues. Relations have been strained since the murder in London in 2006 of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko and the Russian government’s refusal to extradite the man Britain suspects of the murder, Andrei Lugovoi, now state deputy in the Russian parliament. In his speech on Monday morning, Cameron tackled this head on for the first time on Russian soil. He said: “Our approach is simple and principled. When a crime is committed, that is a matter for the courts. It is their job to examine the evidence impartially and to determine innocence or guilt. The accused has a right to a fair trial. The victim and their family have a right to justice. “It is the job of governments to help courts to do their work and that will continue to be our approach.” Cameron had also been under pressure to mention human rights infringements, including the fate of lawyer Sergei Magnitsky and the prosecution of former Yukos CEO Mikhail Khordokovsky, but made no reference to them in his speech. The government insists relations between the two countries could be more cordial than they currently are and the emphasis is on improving conditions for business. On Sunday four former British foreign secretaries wrote to the Sunday Times to urge Cameron caution in this area, saying corruption was still rife in Russia. Travelling with the prime minister is Bob Dudley, CEO of BP, and an exemplar of the constraints on British and Russian businesses attempting to operate in the country. On 31 August court marshals raided BP’s Moscow office in connection with a lawsuit, one day after BP’s rival – the US oil major Exxon Mobil – struck a deal with Russian state-owned Rosneft for an Arctic exploration. Cameron tackled this in his speech: “I’ve talked to many British businesses. I have no doubt about their ambition to work in Russia … but it’s also clear that the concerns that continue to make them hold back are real. “They need to know that they can go to a court confident that a contract will be enforced objectively … and that their assets and premises won’t be unlawfully taken away from them. In the long run the rule of law is what delivers stability and security.” UK goods exports to Russia are already worth £3.5bn, up 50% in the last year and, according to officials, growing by almost another two-thirds in the first half of this year. By the end of the trip, Downing Street hopes £215m worth of trade deals will have been struck – part of its attempt to galvanise inward investment in the UK and boost an export-led recovery. The prime minister said Britain would support Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organisation. He also acknowledged the different perspectives between the two countries over UN action in Libya. Russia feels the UK and France went beyond the remit of the UN resolution 1773. In his speech, Cameron said: “Let me put my cards on the table. The view I have come to is that the stability of corrupt and violently repressive dictatorships in Middle Eastern states like Gaddafi’s in Libya is false stability. “The transition to democracy may well have its difficulties and dangers … but it is the best long term path to peaceful progress … and is a powerful alternative to the poisonous narrative of Islamist extremism. “And I believe that Britain and Russia – and the whole international community – have a role to play in helping to support peace, stability and security across the Arab world.” Despite Cameron’s words, a Russian newspaper on Sunday reported a top Kremlin aide as saying no “reset” loomed, a reference to the word used by the US secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, to describe recent US attempts to restart their relations with Russia. The aide, Sergei Prikhodko, a top foreign policy adviser to the Russian president, Dmitry Medvedev, said: “I think that the visit will be pragmatic and calm. No one is expecting any breakthroughs, and in fact they are not needed. Why fight? It is not necessary for us to have a reset with Britain. We will continue to work the way that we have been working in the past.” Describing his first visit to the country, Cameron said: “I first came to Russia as a student on my gap year between school and university in 1985. I took the Trans-Siberian Railway from Nakhodka to Moscow and went on to the Black Sea coast. There two Russians – speaking perfect English – turned up on a beach mostly used by foreigners. “They took me out to lunch and dinner and asked me about life in England and what I thought about politics. When I got back I told my tutor at university and he asked me whether it was an interview. If it was, it seems I didn’t get the job! My fortunes have improved a bit since then. So have those of Russia.” He finished his speech by appearing to make a link between the two periods. “In the last 20 years Russia and Britain have both come a long way but each largely on their own. In the next 20 years I believe we can go very much further as we prove that ‘Вместе мы сильнее’ [we are stronger together].” David Cameron Foreign policy Russia Europe Alexander Litvinenko Vladimir Putin Dmitry Medvedev Allegra Stratton guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …The actor who made his name in Bronson talks about the punishing physical regime for his new cage-fighting role in Warrior, being typecast as a thug – and making it in Hollywood The bed has been removed from the Soho hotel room where rising British film star Tom Hardy and I are to meet, leaving a vast carpeted brawling area. We could, I think as I await his arrival, mix it up like Oliver Reed and Alan Bates did in Women in Love , or as Hardy and his screen brother Joel Edgerton do at the denouement of his unremittingly butch new mixed martial arts film Warrior . Hardy jogs into the room flanked by minders as if he’s entering a boxing arena. How about sorting things out mano a mano, I suggest? It could make both our careers. He could get the slightly bonkers rep Christian Bale has had ever since he bawled out his director of photography on set, which might help establish him in Hollywood (Hardy’s current focus). And getting bopped by an angry thesp adds lustre to a hack’s CV. Hardy looks game: “What – out the back?” No, here. “Absolutely!” Really, I was only joking. For one thing, Tom Hardy would batter me. You just have to look at his improbably pronounced neck muscles to realise that. Hardy settles on the sofa and pours coffee. For the next hour he writhes and giggles as he chats about his career prospects. As he pours, I ask him about a line in the production notes for Warrior, in which he plays a troubled war vet who, for reasons that made sense when I saw the film, has to cage-fight his brother in a martial arts contest at the drama’s climax. It’s Raging Bull meets Rocky meets Rolf Harris’s song of fraternal solidarity, Two Little Boys . But one passage troubled me: “The son of a Cambridge academic father, Hardy is the first to admit that prior to Warrior he was not a fighting man and not intimately familiar with ‘alpha male territory’.” Surely this makes his dad sound like a mortar board-sporting ponce rather than what he was, namely, the esteemed writer of gags for comedian Dave Allen who, along with his artist mother, brought up their only child (Tom, born 15 September 1977) in the genteel London suburb of East Sheen. “The point is my father’s not really into throwing his fists. He’s got lightning wit, backchat and repartee to get himself out of a scrap – and nothing else. My father came from an intellectual and studious avenue as opposed to a brawler’s avenue. So I had to go further afield and I brought all kinds of unscrupulous oiks back home – earless, toothless vagabonds – to teach me the arts of the old bagarre .” Hardy – with his machine-gun verbosity, rococo vocabulary and the non-remote possibility that he could turn at any moment and chuck me out of the window – is an appealingly odd interviewee. He pronounces bagarre with an exaggerated angry French accent. Then he repeats it. ” Bagaaaaarrrre ! It got me into an enormous amount of scrapes and trouble – and eventually I ended up in Warrior, where he [his character Tom Conlon] does it for a living.” Excellent, but there’s another point. The idea he’s not familiar with alpha male bagarre stuff is barmy. Let’s review. After graduating from Richmond Drama School and the Drama Centre London , Hardy got a role in the second world war mini-series Band of Brothers and in 2001 made his film debut in Ridley Scott’s war thriller Black Hawk Down , neither of which was a paean to non-violence. He was Bill Sikes, the notoriously violent Dickensian hoodlum, in the 2007 Oliver Twist mini-series. He played Handsome Bob, the member of a gang called the Wild Bunch in Guy Ritchie’s 2008 film RocknRolla . He played Charles Bronson, the notoriously violent prisoner in the eponymous 2009 film (for which he won best actor at the British Independent Film Awards). He played Heathcliff, the notoriously violent male love interest in the 2009 TV mini-series of Wuthering Heights . He played a London gangster in a TV mini-series called The Take . True, he did play a relatively weedy-looking homeless alcoholic in the 2007 TV adaptation of Stuart: a Life Lived Backwards (for which he was Bafta-nominated), but that’s the exception that proves the rule. He’s currently filming Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight Rises in which he plays stupendously muscled and unpleasantly brutish super-villain Bane. Apparently, Hardy’s current muscles weren’t built to play a cage-fighter in Warrior – that was a year ago – but to play Batman’s latest nemesis. Hardy’s undeniable buffness, though, may have cost him work. There was a hideous career-defining moment in 2005 when he was turned down for the role of Mr Darcy in a film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. Hollywood producer Stacey Snider took him aside during auditions. “She said: ‘Honey, women over the world have a picture of what Darcy is and I’m afraid you’re just not it.’ That’s really hard for an actor.” So why the CV teeming with thugs, not one of whom would make their girlfriends daisy chains or, you know, happy? “It boils down in brutal honesty to necessity. But there is another component to those characters, which is a kind of legitimate or illegitimate suffering in their psyche, which is more exciting to me. I’m playing people who have an obstacle to overcome and struggle to express that.” This is all great stuff about an actor’s motivation, but I’m thinking, as I take notes, of what would happen if I suckered him with the old “Look over there!” and, while he turned, chucked the coffee in his face. No, he’d probably recover and still do me in. There’s a lot of conflict in Warrior, in which the public school-educated, fetchingly plump-lipped, lavishly pecced Englishman is cast as a troubled Pittsburgh-based Irish-American bruiser. Hardy is a surly, almost non-verbal wounded beast of an ex-GI and ex-wrestler with a Freighted Family Back Story who returns to the ring to express himself in the only way he knows. Gradually we unpick That Back Story and learn that his alcoholic father (Nick Nolte) destroyed the family with his drinking. But let Hardy relate the plot as he lies on his back. “Is it Rocky meets Raging Bull? Yes, if you want that hyperbole. But it’s a very intricate family drama, to the backdrop of an MMA (mixed martial arts) movie – which is fantastic.” Hardy takes a sip of coffee, rolls on the sofa and stares at the ceiling. This would be the moment to take him. Cushion over the face. Shimmy down the fire escape. PR minder finds him later, open-mouthed and dead. Perhaps not. He sits up again. “In hindsight I can see it’s great drama, but when you’re getting your teeth kicked in and eating endless chicken and broccoli, you don’t really care.” What does he mean? To look like a cage-fighter he had to eschew carbohydrates and eat chicken and broccoli incessantly. That wasn’t all. “I did two hours boxing a day, two hours mai tai, two hours ju jitsu followed by two hours choreography and two hours of weightlifting seven days a week for three months. So come on! You have to really want to do that, so it was a challenge.” Hardy’s Warrior regimen put on 28lb of muscle. But what interests him is not the fighting style per se, but its spiritual dimension. “Ju jitsu is very Buddhist. All that we fear we hold close to ourselves to survive. So if you’re drowning and you see a corpse floating by, hang on to it because it will rescue you.” Hardy rolls over to look at the ceiling. “But the embrace is about the breaking of cycles. The film asks: ‘What part do we play in those cycles and what is fated?’ That’s very Greek.” But his character has to be beaten virtually to death by his brother to be spiritually reborn, which is very Christian. Let’s not go nuts about Warrior’s spiritual dimension. It’s mostly blokes tearing lumps out of each other in a cage encircled by people screaming for blood and/or death. “Again, that’s Greek,” says Hardy. “It’s the gods who have decided to sacrifice this man. But let’s watch. Who do you want to win? Red car? Or blue car? Let’s watch two people kick the shit out of each other.” Hardy sits up, giggles, pours more coffee. And that’s why people will pay to see Warrior? “Well, it’s a normal human impulse. Let’s watch Ricky Gervais and Danny Dyer in a ring with bottles.” Hardy may have had too much coffee. “I would pay good money to see those guys carve each other up. If they didn’t, I’d be trying to instigate it: ‘Go on fellas, let’s turn the lights off, feel our way around this ring.’” Why Gervais and Dyer? “You aren’t telling me you wouldn’t watch that – that’s a good pay-per-view fight. That would get a lot of people interested in MMA. Actually, it’s not MMA – MMA has rules. We shouldn’t have rules. We should just say: ‘You guys go at it, see what happens.’ I don’t want to say fuck ‘em, but fuck ‘em. I don’t care. Their children I care about. And for that reason we can’t let it happen.” Hardy laughs at his own compunctions about Gervais and Dyer’s children, if indeed they have any. “My inside voice says, ‘Yeah!’ but in reality we don’t let Gervais and Dyer hurt themselves. Why? Because we’re not God. We shouldn’t play with people’s lives like that.” He lies back on the sofa again and giggles wildly. No more caffeine for you, laughing boy. “Funnily enough for a film about MMA, Warrior scored very highly with people who don’t care about fighting,” he says. In my screening, I tell Hardy, there were lots of women alternating between whooping during the fight sequences and weeping over the poignant ones. “I welled up when Paddy [Nick Nolte, Tommy's dad] has the relapse and gets drunk.” Did that resonate for him because he was a drunk and a drug addict? Hardy collapsed in Soho after a crack binge in 2003. “That was a lesson to me, I was fed to the Kraken and popped out the other side. In death I was reborn, just like in the film. Because I’d always been this adrenal kid and then I became a little shit. I’m not now.” He’s eight years clean. What did playing opposite a recovering alcoholic mean to him? (Nolte is also a recovering alcoholic.) “I guess I’m more sympathetic to the alcoholic. I know in recovery that you are entirely responsible for your actions but I also know you’re not the same person you were yesterday. Paddy doesn’t think he’s the same person he was yesterday, he doesn’t even understand that person.” So how can you be responsible? “Well, that’s the conundrum of the human condition, isn’t it? Deciding when you’re responsible is hard fucking work, man.” I look at Hardy’s chest, thinking that it’s a shame he’s wearing a long-sleeved top. Otherwise we could spend the rest of our allotted time reading his tattoos. Like Groucho Marx’s tattooed lady Lydia, he has an encyclopedic chest , though in his case it is an encyclopedia of his private life. His 1999-2004 marriage to Sarah Ward is commemorated by the tattoo “Till I die SW” and a dragon on his left arm. Below it are the words “figlio mio bellissimo” commemorating his son Louis’s birth three years ago with ex-girlfriend Rachel Speed. On his back is the word “Charlotte” marking his relationship with fiancee actor Charlotte Riley, whom he met on the set of Wuthering Heights. There are many others (his torso is a big canvas) but Hardy isn’t going to talk me through them today. Instead, he wants to discuss his career. Warrior may be the film that breaks him in the US. “I hope. The question I ask myself every 24 seconds is: ‘Are we going to have a crack at the investment market in acting and producing and directing, or am I going to be a jobbing actor who struggles to work on theatre or TV?’ I just want to know.” The likelihood is the former. He impressed in Christopher Nolan’s Inception as Eames, the inept British conman, partly because of his delivery of lines such as: “Great. Thank you. So, now we’re trapped in Fischer’s mind battling his own private army, and if we get killed, we’ll be lost in limbo ’til our brains turn to scrambled egg.” He has also wrapped another clutch of films, including This Means War in which he plays a CIA agent who fights with his colleague (Chris Pine) over Reese Witherspoon. Having looked at online images of Chris Pine, my money’s on Hardy to win. He’s also currently to be seen in the film adaptation of John Le Carré’s Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. According to Xan Brooks’s Guardian review , Hardy “raises the roof as Ricki Tarr, the tale’s bullish rogue element”. That sounds about right: Hardy is not so much raging bull as bullish rogue. He’s loving the work, but wilting under the PR demands, the poor flower. “I’ve got about six or seven of these things going on at the moment so I’m being pulled from pillar to post.” But in the process he’s become so Hollywood he’s too big to be photographed by the Guardian. “Look, there’s an abundance of exposure when you start working in American films. Inevitably you become a brand and that has to be controlled.” We thought the refusal to be photographed was because his body looks different now he is shooting as Bane from how it looked in Warrior, the film he’s promoting today. “Well, I’m metamorphosing my character as best I can and because I’m not Christian Bale, it’s difficult.” I tell Hardy of a charming story in which Christian Bale, who plays Batman opposite Hardy in The Dark Knight Rises, told an interviewer he would like to “piss on the shoes” of a critic who had commented on his “trademark weight-loss” acting. “Why would he want to piss on anyone’s shoes?” asks Hardy sensibly. Maybe he could ask him on the set of The Dark Knight Rises when they’re not comparing muscles. “Don’t think I’ll be doing that.” Does he feel as sensitive as Bale to journalists writing about his body? “Not yet. At the moment it’s a way of identifying me. That’s how people initially identified Christian Bale. Who’s he? He’s that bloke whose ribs you saw. Then he’s that bloke who swore at the DOP. Then he’s that bloke who was great in The Machinist .” His PR minder enters, insisting we wind up. Maybe he will feel differently when he is more established. Maybe you’ll be duffing up interviewers and ruining their footwear. “Maybe. I have to make my bones with Hollywood to get in. And when I do maybe I’ll metamorphose from Mr Muscles or whatever it is I am now and become an irascible tosser.” I’m just glad to get out of the room with dry shoes and no black eye. Warrior goes on general release in the UK on 23 September. Tom Hardy Stuart Jeffries guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Scientists have developed ‘smart-bomb chemotherapy’ which can isolate and destroy tumours without damaging healthy cells Cancer researchers have developed a “smart bomb” treatment that can target tumours with drugs while leaving healthy body cells intact. The technique means that patients will suffer fewer side-effects from the toxic drugs used in chemotherapy. The side-effects of cancer therapy – including hair loss, nausea and suppression of the immune system – can be debilitating. In many cases, the effects of the drugs can contribute to the ultimate cause of death. In experiments on mice, Laurence Patterson of the University of Bradford found that he could localise a cancer drug to the site of tumours and thereby limit its toxic impact in the body. All the animals, which had been implanted with human cancer cells responded to the targeted treatment and saw their tumours shrink. In half the animals, the tumours disappeared altogether. Professor Patterson will present his work at the British Science Festival in Bradford on Monday. “We’ve got a sort of smart bomb that will only be active in the tumour and will not cause damage to normal tissue,” he said. “It’s a new cancer treatment that could be effective against pretty much all types of tumour – we’ve looked at colon, prostate, breast, lung and sarcoma so far, and all have responded very well to this treatment.” The drug is based on a modified version of an existing cancer drug called coltrazine. In normal situations, this drug is delivered as part of a patient’s chemotherapy regime and, in addition to attacking cancer cells, it can kill healthy cells, too. “There are many agents currently used in the clinic for the treatment of cancer that are essentially poisons,” said Patterson. “Normal chemotherapy can often be the cause of death of the patient as opposed to dying from the tumour growth itself. Any treatment that is a poison that can be retained and is only active in the tumour is clearly very attractive.” Patterson’s team has designed a way to make the coltrazine active only when it comes into contact with a tumour. They did this by attaching a string of specific amino acids to the coltrazine, which made the drug inert. In this state, it can wander through the body freely and will not kill any cells it comes into contact with. But when the drug reaches the site of a solid tumour, the chain of amino acids is removed by an enzyme present on the surface of the cancer, called MMP-1. At this point, the coltrazine becomes active and can do its work in killing nearby cells. MMP1 is used by tumours to break down the cellular environment around itself and to enable the tumour to dig a path through normal tissue. It also gives the tumour access to nutrients and oxygen by encouraging the normal blood supply of a person to grow towards it. “If you can starve that tumour of that blood supply, then you shut off its ability to grow and move around the body,” said Patterson. In the experiments, he said, all the mice responded to the treatment. “Sometimes, the treatment is so effective, you remove the ability of that tumour to grow – you appear to cure the mouse. In some studies, we were able to cure half the mice: these animals no longer had any tumour growing in them and they appeared healthy for the 60 or so days of the trial.” An important use of the technique is that it can reach tumours that have spread throughout the body. Paul Workman, head of cancer therapeutics at the Institute of Cancer Research, said: “This is an interesting new approach to targeting tumour blood vessels that solid cancers need for their growth. The project is still at quite an early stage, but the results so far look promising in the laboratory models that have been studied. If confirmed in more extensive laboratory studies, drugs based on this approach could be very useful as part of combination treatments for various cancers.” The Bradford scientists hope that, with adequate funding, their drug delivery system could enter phase 1 clinical trials on people within 18 months. Cancer Medical research Cancer Health Alok Jha guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Scientists have developed ‘smart-bomb chemotherapy’ which can isolate and destroy tumours without damaging healthy cells Cancer researchers have developed a “smart bomb” treatment that can target tumours with drugs while leaving healthy body cells intact. The technique means that patients will suffer fewer side-effects from the toxic drugs used in chemotherapy. The side-effects of cancer therapy – including hair loss, nausea and suppression of the immune system – can be debilitating. In many cases, the effects of the drugs can contribute to the ultimate cause of death. In experiments on mice, Laurence Patterson of the University of Bradford found that he could localise a cancer drug to the site of tumours and thereby limit its toxic impact in the body. All the animals, which had been implanted with human cancer cells responded to the targeted treatment and saw their tumours shrink. In half the animals, the tumours disappeared altogether. Professor Patterson will present his work at the British Science Festival in Bradford on Monday. “We’ve got a sort of smart bomb that will only be active in the tumour and will not cause damage to normal tissue,” he said. “It’s a new cancer treatment that could be effective against pretty much all types of tumour – we’ve looked at colon, prostate, breast, lung and sarcoma so far, and all have responded very well to this treatment.” The drug is based on a modified version of an existing cancer drug called coltrazine. In normal situations, this drug is delivered as part of a patient’s chemotherapy regime and, in addition to attacking cancer cells, it can kill healthy cells, too. “There are many agents currently used in the clinic for the treatment of cancer that are essentially poisons,” said Patterson. “Normal chemotherapy can often be the cause of death of the patient as opposed to dying from the tumour growth itself. Any treatment that is a poison that can be retained and is only active in the tumour is clearly very attractive.” Patterson’s team has designed a way to make the coltrazine active only when it comes into contact with a tumour. They did this by attaching a string of specific amino acids to the coltrazine, which made the drug inert. In this state, it can wander through the body freely and will not kill any cells it comes into contact with. But when the drug reaches the site of a solid tumour, the chain of amino acids is removed by an enzyme present on the surface of the cancer, called MMP-1. At this point, the coltrazine becomes active and can do its work in killing nearby cells. MMP1 is used by tumours to break down the cellular environment around itself and to enable the tumour to dig a path through normal tissue. It also gives the tumour access to nutrients and oxygen by encouraging the normal blood supply of a person to grow towards it. “If you can starve that tumour of that blood supply, then you shut off its ability to grow and move around the body,” said Patterson. In the experiments, he said, all the mice responded to the treatment. “Sometimes, the treatment is so effective, you remove the ability of that tumour to grow – you appear to cure the mouse. In some studies, we were able to cure half the mice: these animals no longer had any tumour growing in them and they appeared healthy for the 60 or so days of the trial.” An important use of the technique is that it can reach tumours that have spread throughout the body. Paul Workman, head of cancer therapeutics at the Institute of Cancer Research, said: “This is an interesting new approach to targeting tumour blood vessels that solid cancers need for their growth. The project is still at quite an early stage, but the results so far look promising in the laboratory models that have been studied. If confirmed in more extensive laboratory studies, drugs based on this approach could be very useful as part of combination treatments for various cancers.” The Bradford scientists hope that, with adequate funding, their drug delivery system could enter phase 1 clinical trials on people within 18 months. Cancer Medical research Cancer Health Alok Jha guardian.co.uk
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