Peace prize recipient leaves pioneering Grameen Bank following legal dispute with Bangladeshi government The Nobel laureate who founded a pioneering microfinance institution, the Grameen Bank, has quit as its head after a long dispute with Bangladesh’s government. The announcement by Muhammad Yunus that he is standing down as managing director is a watershed in the 28-year history of the bank, which is credited with lifting millions of the world’s poorest people out of poverty. It also ends a protracted legal wrangle with the Bangladeshi government over control of the bank. Yunus wanted to “ensure my colleagues and our 8 million members, and owners of the bank, are not subjected to any difficulty in discharging their responsibilities”. He took the step “without prejudice” to outstanding legal issues. His deputy, Nurjahan Begum, has been appointed as interim managing director. Yunus was awarded the Nobel peace prize in 2006 jointly with the bank. Literally meaning “village bank”, the institution offers tiny loans to would-be entrepreneurs who would otherwise be refused conventional loans, and his microcredit scheme has been replicated across the world, and has been hailed as being the most effective way of defeating poverty. The bank has nearly 9 million borrowers in Bangladesh; 97% of them are women. Control of the bank would be a considerable political asset, and a significant help in the battle for power in Bangladesh.However, its reputation came under attack in December by a Norwegian TV documentary which raised allegations of irregularities over the transfer of £40m million from the bank to another company. Although Yunus was subsequently cleared of any wrongdoing in an investigation by the Norwegian government, his already fractious relationship with the Bangladeshi government reached breaking point, with claims that he had tarnished his country’s reputation. Earlier this year,the Bangladeshi Central Bank made a legal challenge against the 70-year-old, claiming he had violated retirement laws by failing to relinquish control at 60. Despite a series of legal battles that reached the supreme court, Yunus failed to overturn the judges’ decision to oust him as managing director. His supporters, such as the former Irish president Mary Robinson, and former president of the World Bank James Wolfensohn, claimed that the respected economist had been the target of a political vendetta. An outspoken government critic, Yunus has had an acrimonious relationship with the prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, who is reportedly angry over his attempt to form a political party in 2007. In December, a war of words broke out as she accused Yunus of “sucking blood from the poor borrowers” through the bank’s allegedly exorbitant interest rates, calling for the government to launch an inquiry into claims of misappropriation. He was subsequently cleared. However, microcredit as an economic model has increasingly suffered from a lack of faith, with critics pointing to impossibly high interest rates. In India, politicians have accused bankers of profiting from the poor, and in some cases have banned further lending or recovery of debts. In the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, aggressive selling and recovery of outstanding interest payments by scores of unregulated microfinance firms have pushed huge numbers of already desperately poor farmers deeply into debt. Muhammad Yunus Bangladesh Microfinance Nobel peace prize Fariha Karim guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Peace prize recipient leaves pioneering Grameen Bank following legal dispute with Bangladeshi government The Nobel laureate who founded a pioneering microfinance institution, the Grameen Bank, has quit as its head after a long dispute with Bangladesh’s government. The announcement by Muhammad Yunus that he is standing down as managing director is a watershed in the 28-year history of the bank, which is credited with lifting millions of the world’s poorest people out of poverty. It also ends a protracted legal wrangle with the Bangladeshi government over control of the bank. Yunus wanted to “ensure my colleagues and our 8 million members, and owners of the bank, are not subjected to any difficulty in discharging their responsibilities”. He took the step “without prejudice” to outstanding legal issues. His deputy, Nurjahan Begum, has been appointed as interim managing director. Yunus was awarded the Nobel peace prize in 2006 jointly with the bank. Literally meaning “village bank”, the institution offers tiny loans to would-be entrepreneurs who would otherwise be refused conventional loans, and his microcredit scheme has been replicated across the world, and has been hailed as being the most effective way of defeating poverty. The bank has nearly 9 million borrowers in Bangladesh; 97% of them are women. Control of the bank would be a considerable political asset, and a significant help in the battle for power in Bangladesh.However, its reputation came under attack in December by a Norwegian TV documentary which raised allegations of irregularities over the transfer of £40m million from the bank to another company. Although Yunus was subsequently cleared of any wrongdoing in an investigation by the Norwegian government, his already fractious relationship with the Bangladeshi government reached breaking point, with claims that he had tarnished his country’s reputation. Earlier this year,the Bangladeshi Central Bank made a legal challenge against the 70-year-old, claiming he had violated retirement laws by failing to relinquish control at 60. Despite a series of legal battles that reached the supreme court, Yunus failed to overturn the judges’ decision to oust him as managing director. His supporters, such as the former Irish president Mary Robinson, and former president of the World Bank James Wolfensohn, claimed that the respected economist had been the target of a political vendetta. An outspoken government critic, Yunus has had an acrimonious relationship with the prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, who is reportedly angry over his attempt to form a political party in 2007. In December, a war of words broke out as she accused Yunus of “sucking blood from the poor borrowers” through the bank’s allegedly exorbitant interest rates, calling for the government to launch an inquiry into claims of misappropriation. He was subsequently cleared. However, microcredit as an economic model has increasingly suffered from a lack of faith, with critics pointing to impossibly high interest rates. In India, politicians have accused bankers of profiting from the poor, and in some cases have banned further lending or recovery of debts. In the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, aggressive selling and recovery of outstanding interest payments by scores of unregulated microfinance firms have pushed huge numbers of already desperately poor farmers deeply into debt. Muhammad Yunus Bangladesh Microfinance Nobel peace prize Fariha Karim guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Some have used the death of Osama bin Laden as evidence to support the use of torture—but claims that such techniques led us to the al-Qaeda leader are simply not true, writes John McCain in the Washington Post . The senator points to former attorney general Michael Mukasey’s assertion that,…
Continue reading …This year’s political stocking stuffer? Meet Rambama, a new action figure of a very buff President Obama imagined as a Navy SEAL. Herobuilders.com put the $35 doll up for sale yesterday, hoping to capitalize on the Osama bin Laden raid, reports WVIT of Connecticut. He’s even got a “Punisher”…
Continue reading …Is in utero too soon to start taking anti-obesity drugs? A group of scientists are putting that question to the test; they’re giving a hundred obese pregnant women the diabetes drug Metformin. It won’t help the moms lose weight, but it should limit the amount of sugar they pass along…
Continue reading …Durango government believes victims may be gang members as decapitated corpses found for second time in a week The naked bodies of eight decapitated men have been found dumped along roads in a Mexican city plagued by increasingly deadly conflict between rival drug gangs. Six of the corpses were found along a highway leading out of the capital of the northern state of Durango, with their heads lying nearby, said the state attorney general’s office. The two other bodies were found in another street in Durango city. One was identified as the remains of Gerardo Galindo Meza, the deputy director of a city prison who had been kidnapped on Monday. Galindo’s head was on a different street corner, accompanied by a threatening message signed by a drug gang, the attorney general’s office said in a statement. It was the second time this week that decapitated corpses have been found in Durango state. Eleven bodies were found on Monday, including six left opposite a school in the state capital. Meanwhile, soldiers digging at mass graves in five places around the city on Wednesday uncovered another eight bodies – seven men and one woman, bringing the total number of victims there to 196, said the Durango public safety department. Durango is one of Mexico’s most dangerous states. Its murder rate has more than doubled over the past two years. At least 1,025 killings were reported in 2010, compared to 930 in 2009 and 430 in 2008, according to government figures. Authorities suspect some of the most-wanted drug kingpins may be hiding in the mountainous state, which has been a battleground between the Sinaloa, Zetas and Beltran Leyva cartels. Families of people who have disappeared in Durango have come forward to ask whether their relatives may have been buried in the mass graves, according to Juan Rosales, the deputy state public safety secretary. But he said the identification process has overwhelmed the state government, prompting it to seek help from central government. Durango’s secretary for government, Hector Vela, said many of the victims are likely to be gang members killed by rivals. But some may be missing police officers, and others may be victims of kidnapping and extortion attempts. Only one body has so far been identified – a 31-year-old man who had been reported missing several months ago. His brother claimed the body. Drug violence has killed more than 34,000 people in Mexico since the president, Felipe Calderón, launched a military-led crackdown on the cartels in December 2006. Mexico Drugs trade David Batty guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Imagine getting the chance to do prom over again, only this time without all the rules about no alcohol or hanky-panky. In an increasing number of cities you can do just that, as “adult proms” grow in popularity. The preparation is all very familiar: Buy a glitzy new dress (or…
Continue reading …PS3/Xbox 360; £39.99; cert 18+; Team Bondi/Rockstar Ever since it first worked out how to assemble pixels so that they resembled something more recognisable than aliens, the games industry has dreamed of creating one thing above all else – a game that is indistinguishable from a film, except that you can control the lead character. With LA Noire, it just might, finally, have found the embodiment of that particular holy grail. From start to finish, LA Noire feels like a film – LA Confidential, in fact, along with any similarly hard-boiled example of film noir adapted from stories by the likes of Chandler and Hammett. Set in a gloriously convincing depiction of Los Angeles in 1947 (which is much more attractive than today’s LA), it casts you as Cole Phelps, returning war hero turned cop. Instantly, you plunge deeply and satisfyingly into his working life, solving a vast number of cases as he becomes the LAPD’s poster-boy, first in Homicide, then in Vice. And your immersion in Phelps’ affairs ratchets up even further when he is hung out to dry by his dubious superiors. There have been plenty of games with cinematic pretensions in the past, so what is it that enables LA Noire to make a transcendental leap? Inevitably, technology is involved: the new MotionScan system used to capture actors’ performances simply produces more convincing facial animation than we have ever seen in a game. Couple that with the obsessive attention to detail for which Rockstar’s existing games such as Grand Theft Auto and Red Dead Redemption are famed, and the end result rings true to a greater extent than anything that has gone before. The familiar need to suspend disbelief has been all but eliminated. Real-life gameplay LA Noire’s gameplay capitalises cleverly on this breakthrough technology. Essentially, it sees you playing through Phelps’s working life, doing what you imagine a real-life LAPD detective would have done in 1947. Thus, you have to drive to crime scenes, root around for clues and examine bodies, then follow the resulting leads. It’s when you question suspects and witnesses that things get interesting. You have to analyse facial responses and bodily tics like a poker-player seeking tells, then choose one of three tones to adopt for each question. These are marked Truth, Doubt and Lying, but Sympathetic, Dubious and Accusatory would perhaps be more rigorous. If you accuse a suspect of lying, you must back that up by producing evidence (all accessed, along with along with your records of each case and details of suspects from your standard cop’s notebook). If you don’t adopt the correct tone, the character you’re quizzing will, at the very least, take longer to give you the crucial information you seek. As you rise through the ranks, you earn Intuition points, which can be cashed in to eliminate one wrong question-tone (or reveal the location of all the clues at a location). Luckily, LA Noire is pretty forgiving, so if your body language-assessment skills aren’t up to CSI standards, you should still get the right result in the end, although you risk a chewing-out from your boss for shoddy police work, which is genuinely mortifying. Beautiful pacing The game’s pacing and narrative arc impress as much as its believability. The bog-standard detective work, fun though it is, is punctuated judiciously by action sequences including car chases, pursuing suspects on foot, climbing around inaccessible areas, puzzle-solving and, of course, shoot-outs. Between cases, you either get a flashback to Phelps’ war experiences in Japan or a glimpse into his off-duty life; both those elements end up feeding back into the overarching storyline. The oeuvres of Shelley and even anarchist author Piotr Kropotkin are fed into the mix. Newspapers that you find when hunting for clues trigger yet another backstory (this time involving ongoing LA skullduggery), which yet again intersects with the main storyline in the game’s later stages. A fascinating snapshot of an America struggling to readjust to everyday life in the aftermath of the second world war emerges, reinforced by the attitudes of your fellow cops (many of whom would be ejected from the Sweeney for political incorrectness, although Phelps’s keen sense of morality keeps them sufficiently in check to appease modern moral arbiters seeking outrage). Since you’re at the centre of proceedings, participating in and dictating the action, the overall effect is powerfully immersive. Cleverly, Rockstar has ensured that LA Noire is a thoroughly inclusive game, too. The control system is sufficiently simplified that even the most determined non-gamers shouldn’t find it intimidating. Indeed, the more hardcore gamers may carp that it isn’t sufficiently action-packed or precise. The one criticism that could be levelled at the game is that the shooting system has been over-simplified so that it feels clunky compared to thelikes of Grand Theft Auto. Depth and meatiness LA Noire largely does away with the free-roaming that enhanced the appeal of Grand Theft Auto and Red Dead Redemption. As you drive around, you do occasionally hear of street crimes to which you can respond, and there are hidden vehicles and LA landmarks that completists can collect and visit, but the overwhelming focus is on the main story. So it’s a good job that, bucking the modern trend for short single-player games, LA Noire is satisfyingly meaty. Rockstar reckons it’s roughly equivalent in length to two seasons of a TV series, a claim that feels roughly accurate. Perhaps, then, it would be more accurate to argue that LA Noire more closely approximates a television show than a film – it beats any film hands down in terms of the sheer amount of entertainment on offer, which of course is an advantage games have always had over films. It has all the period charm of Boardwalk Empire or Mad Men – indeed, the role of Phelps is played by Mad Men’s Aaron Staton and other digitised Mad Men actors crop up sporadically – and it seasons the gameplay with a healthy dash of CSI. In the past, games with such overwhelming ambitions have floundered on odd, usually peripheral, aspects that jarred – such as unrealistic animation (and especially facial animation), clunky dialogue, poor virtual camerawork or facile characterisation. LA Noire is the first game to lack any such element which naggingly reminds you that you’re playing a video game, rather than strolling through a film or TV series. That’s why it marks a breakthrough for games as a whole – and we can’t wait to see what Rockstar does with LA Noire’s technology in its other blockbuster franchises. • Game reviewed on PlayStation 3 Rating: 5/5 Games PS3 PlayStation Sony Xbox Microsoft Steve Boxer guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …The al-Qaida leader’s in-laws describe him as a sincere husband and her as a brave woman who was not a fundamentalist The family of Osama bin Laden’s youngest wife have broken their silence to describe how the 29-year-old Yemeni, currently in the custody of security services in Pakistan, refused the chance to leave her husband, saying instead she was determined be “martyred” alongside him. The relatives of Amal Ahmed al-Sadah, who became the al-Qaida leader’s fifth wife in late 1999, spoke of a “sincere” husband – though one who apparently exaggerated tales of his own bravado for the sake of his in-laws. Sadah, who Pakistani officials say was wounded in the calf during the operation that killed her husband, was among at least a dozen women and children detained by Pakistani security officials after the raid on the Abbottabad compound where Bin Laden had been living for several years. It is believed the American special forces team that carried out the operation was forced to abandon plans to evacuate survivors after losing of one of their four helicopters because of a technical problem. Among those detained are two other women who have also been identified as wives of Bin Laden by Pakistani officials. However, this is unconfirmed. If true both would be Saudi nationals. The children appear to be a mixture of Bin Laden’s own and his grandchildren. They include Sadah’s daughter, Safiya, who was born shortly before the 9/11 attacks. Pakistani officials have repeated that all those detained will be repatriated to their countries of origin. Sadah’s family spoke to a reporter from the Associated Press news agency in their two-storey traditional home in Ibb, an agricultural town in the mountains about 100 miles south of the Yemeni capital, Sana’a. They said they saw Sadah, who was 17 when she was married, only once after her wedding, in 2000. Communication was largely limited to messages delivered by couriers. The family said Sadah was a simple but determined and “courageous” young woman who was religiously conservative but not fundamentalist and who may have seen marriage with Bin Laden, a hero for some in the Islamic world and the son of a major construction magnate, as a means of social mobility. Sadah, whose father is a minor civil servant, always told her friends and family that she wanted to “go down in history”, according to her cousin Waleed Hashem Abdel-Fatah al-Sadah. A cleric based in Kabul called Rasheed Mohammed Saeed, who had radical Islamist contacts, relayed the demand for marriage with Bin Laden. Sadah’s uncle Hashem recalled telling her he knew Bin Laden was from a “devout and respectable family” in Saudi Arabia, though he was unaware that the militant leader “was wanted by the Americans” for the 1998 bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. “The choice is yours,” the uncle said he told her. “It’s your future.” The answer was unequivocal: “This is destiny from God, and I accept it.” Weeks after the proposal, a dowry of $5,000 was wired by Bin Laden. After two wedding parties, including one in a Sana’a hotel, Sadah left Yemen. Accompanied by the intermediary, she travelled via Dubai and Pakistan to meet her bridegroom for the first time. When the family learned through a courier that she had given birth to a daughter, a group of relatives travelled via Pakistan to Afghanistan, where they spent a month. On the final day of the visit, a cousin recalled Bin Laden telling the young mother that she could stay with him in Afghanistan or return home with her family. “I want to be martyred with you and I won’t leave as long as you’re alive,” he recalled her saying. When Bin Laden told her he was “subject at any moment to death”, Sadah told him curtly: “I’ve made my decision.” The woman’s cousin recalled her describing Bin Laden as a “noble” man who treated her well. “‘It’s true that my life is one of moving between caves in Afghanistan, but despite the bitterness of this life … I’m comfortable with Osama,” she told her father. Sadah’s uncle said Bin Laden complained about Arab leaders and said he had been the focus of several “assassination” attempts by Arab and US intelligence services. The al-Qaida leader appears to have exaggerated his anecdotes for the benefit of his in-laws, telling them that a mosque in which he was delivering a sermon was struck by a cruise missile. “I was injured … and a lot of people were killed,” Bin Laden reportedly said. “But I was spared from death because God wished it.” There is no other record of such an incident. When in August 1998 the US fired cruise missiles at four militant training camps in Afghanistan in retaliation for the bombings of American embassies in east Africa, Bin Laden was many miles away. The cousin said Bin Laden told the family during their visit to Afghanistan “of a big event that will occur in the world”. Later, when the cousin and Sadah’s father heard the news of the 9/11 attacks, the father had now doubt who was behind them. “Osama bin Laden did it,” he said. For the moment, the future of Sadah and the other women in Pakistani custody is unclear. American intelligence services are keen to interview those detained in the raid in the belief that they could provide crucial intelligence about the workings of al-Qaida, the recent activities of Bin Laden and his personal life, and whether they had received support from Pakistani authorities. “It is fairly unlikely that Bin Laden would be sharing operational details with his wives. That isn’t his way or his culture. But there are other things they should know about, such as the whereabouts of other relatives,” one recently retired US intelligence official told the Guardian. One key topic, the former official said, would be the exact conditions of the large numbers of Bin Laden’s close family who have been detained in Iran since they fled Afghanistan in the wake of the 9/11 attacks and the fall of the Taliban regime. Osama bin Laden al-Qaida Global terrorism Jason Burke guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …A Navy researcher thinks he’s found the “smoking gun” to explain why so many service members come back from Iraq and Afghanistan with health problems ranging from respiratory ailments to cancer to heart disease: It’s all that dust they’re breathing, reports USA Today . It’s far from ordinary dust, however: The…
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