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Final Chapter: The Congressional Page Program’s Highs and Lows

First stagecoach drivers, then assembly-line workers, and now congressional pages. Technology has claimed them all. To commemorate the end of the pages, NewsFeed looks back at notable moments of their gofer history.  House Majority Leader John Boehner and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi released a joint statement yesterday explaining that the program was going to

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The Weird Things Michele Bachmann Believes

Click here to view this media Don’t say you weren’t warned . I said then and I say now – Michele Bachmann is no laughing matter. Her surge in Iowa may not be a flash in the pan and every time I hear her say, “…When I am elected President” – I reach for the Pepto. Still, the fact remains she’s captivating Iowa right now . If you thought Sarah Palin was bad, just wait for Bachmann. Check out the clip at the top from BillO’s show last night for an example of how she operates. Note how, after ducking questions about how she would handle “entitlement reform,” she leans into Bill and insists on sharing a bit of gossip that cannot be confirmed or denied. She says, confidentially, of course, that she and some others met at the White House with President Obama and when they asked about Medicare, he said “Obamacare.” She sort of expanded on that to suggest that Medicare would devolve into subsidized, means-tested private health insurance. Yes, that’s what Michele Bachmann says the President said. But wait. That’s Paul Ryan’s plan. No worries, Fox viewers, Michele Bachmann creates whatever reality she wants to live in, especially if it stokes anxiety and fear about the scary black man in the Oval Office. That brings me to Ryan Lizza’s fabulous backgrounder on Bachmann in the New Yorker. It’s a 9,000-word masterpiece. And tucked inside, Lizza lets us in on some of Michele Bachmann’s bizarre beliefs. Remember that so-called slavery “gaffe ?” It wasn’t a gaffe. Bachmann’s comment about slavery was not a gaffe. It is, as she would say, a world view. In “Christianity and the Constitution,” the book she worked on with Eidsmoe, her law-school mentor, he argues that John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and John Adams “expressed their abhorrence for the institution” and explains that “many Christians opposed slavery even though they owned slaves.” They didn’t free their slaves, he writes, because of their benevolence. “It might be very difficult for a freed slave to make a living in that economy; under such circumstances setting slaves free was both inhumane and irresponsible.” What nonsense. Utter and complete baloney. The “Eidsmoe” referred to in that quote is John Eidsmoe, Bachmann’s mentor and professor at Oral Roberts University. Eidsmoe isn’t simply Bachmann’s mentor. John wrote about how Bachmann embraces even his most bizarre beliefs back in June. He sums it up thus: What she’s done like the rest of the social conservatives these days is adopt Ayn Rand and Milton Friedman’s economic theological principles and incorporated them into their many forms of Evangelical Christianity and that will help her in the GOP primary. I would augment that a little with what Alex Pareene wrote on Salon: Even in a post-Glenn Beck world where far-right extremism has become fairly normalized and occasionally embraced by a Republican Party that used to at least act embarrassed about its neo-Confederates and John Birchers and straight-up theocrats, Bachmann’s ideological background is both radically anti-American (in the sense that America is a pluralist nation founded on Enlightenment values and not a pro-slavery Christian theocracy) and way, way outside the “mainstream.” She’s not just a hard-right-winger — and not just a slightly dim “nut” — but a full-on fringe character, a bigot following a bizarre strain of born-againism that even your average American evangelical would find too conspiracy-obsessed and ahistorical to be palatable. Speaking of John Birchers, it seems fairly clear they play a large role in Bachmann’s politics. From Lizza’s article: Around this time, Bachmann became interested in the writings of David A. Noebel, the founder and director of Summit Ministries, an educational organization founded to reverse the harmful effects of what it calls “our current post-Christian culture.” He was a longtime John Birch Society member, whose pamphlets include “The Homosexual Revolution: End Time Abomination,” and “Communism, Hypnotism, and the Beatles,” in which Noebel argued that the band was being used by Communists to infiltrate the minds of young Americans. Bachmann once gave a speech touting her relationship with Noebel’s organization. “I went on to serve on the board of directors with Summit Ministries,” she said, adding that Summit’s message is “wonderful and worthwhile.” She has also recommended to supporters Noebel’s “Understanding the Times,” a book that is popular in the Christian homeschooling movement. And then there is J Steven Wilkins . Wilkins is the leading proponent of the theory that the South was an orthodox Christian nation unjustly attacked by the godless North. This revisionist take on the Civil War, known as the “theological war” thesis, had little resonance outside a small group of Southern historians until the mid-twentieth century, when Rushdoony and others began to popularize it in evangelical circles. In the book, Wilkins condemns “the radical abolitionists of New England” and writes that “most southerners strove to treat their slaves with respect and provide them with a sufficiency of goods for a comfortable, though—by modern standards—spare existence.” African slaves brought to America, he argues, were essentially lucky: “Africa, like any other pagan country, was permeated by the cruelty and barbarism typical of unbelieving cultures.” Echoing Eidsmoe, Wilkins also approvingly cites Lee’s insistence that abolition could not come until “the sanctifying effects of Christianity” had time “to work in the black race and fit its people for freedom.” Here’s a more recent example of Wilkins’ belief structure, from a recent blog post decrying the minimum wage: It works this way: If I’m a business owner, I might be willing to hire 4 unskilled workers at $4.00 per hour until they learn the job and prove themselves capable and dependable and worth a raise. But if you force me to pay a minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, I might hire only two new employees (or I might hire no new employees in hopes that my present workers can take up the slack). S o, instead of having 4 teenagers earning $4.00 per hour, now only two have a job and two have nothing (unemployment increases). But what is especially unspoken (and consequently largely unknown) is that the evil effects of raising the minimum wage hit young black teens the hardest. In 2007 (when the latest hikes in the minimum wage began to be put in place), the unemployment rate among black teens was 29 percent. Today (after the minimum wage hikes) that rate has risen to almost 42 percent. Thanks to the “wisdom” of Congress the number of unemployed black teens is almost 13 percent higher than it was four years ago (according to a report in today’s Wall Street Journal) Got that? Minimum wage raises the unemployment rate of young African-Americans. Because evidently too many employers think…what? Either he’s arguing that the “markets” don’t value the African-American labor force enough to pay them more than slave’s wages (yes, I intended that term), or they’re not worth a minimum wage in the first place. Therefore, we as a society are supposed to reward that by slashing the minimum wage down to pre-1970 levels. It boggles the mind. Perhaps the final and most bizarre Bachmann belief is her slavish devotion to liberty. Liberty defined by Bachmann, anyway. Liberty is the concept—or at least the word—most resonant with the Republican Party’s Tea Party faction, which Bachmann’s Presidential aspirations depend upon. It is a peculiarity of the current political moment that a politician with a history of pushing sectarian religious beliefs in government has become a hero to a libertarian movement. But Bachmann’s merger of these two strands of ideology is not unique. In fact, the Pew Research Center, in its recent quadrennial study of the American electorate, noted that “the most visible shift in the political landscape” since 2005 “is the emergence of a single bloc of across-the-board conservatives. The long-standing divide between economic, pro-business conservatives and social conservatives has blurred.” The two wings are now united by the simplest and most enduring strain of conservative ideology: a dislike and distrust of government. Religious and fiscal conservatives have been moving toward this kind of unity for decades, and Bachmann, in her crusades against abortion, education standards, gay marriage—as well as in her passionate opposition to raising the debt ceiling—has always cast government as the villain, often using terms that echo Schaeffer’s post-Roe warning that America risked falling into the hands of “a manipulative and authoritarian élite.” Which brings me back to the echoes of Richard Nixon I hear in Michele Bachman. Echoes Rick Perlstein wrote about in Nixonland . Even though I’ve quoted it before, it’s worth quoting again: “What Richard Nixon left behind was the very terms of our national self-image: a notion that there are two kinds of Americans. On the one side, the “Silent Majority.” The “nonshouters.” The middle-class, middle American, suburban, exurban, and rural coalition who call themselves, now, “Values voters,” “people of faith,” “patriots,” or even, simply, “Republicans” — and who feel themselves condescended to by snobby opinion-making elites, and who rage about un-Americans, anti-Christians, amoralists, aliens. On the other side are the “liberals,” the “cosmopolitans,” the “intellectuals,” the “professionals” — “Democrats,” who say they see shouting in opposition to injustice as a higher form of patriotism. Or say “live and let live.” Who believe that to have “values” has more to do with a willingness to extend aid to the downtrodden than where, or if, you happen to worship — but who look down on the first category as unwitting dupes of feckless elites who exploit sentimental pieties to aggrandize their wealth, start wars, ruin lives. Both populations — to speak in ideal types — are equally, essentially, tragically American. And both have learned to consider the other not quite American at all. The argument over Richard Nixon, pro and con, gave us the language for this war.” Nixon may have given us the language, but 30-plus years has given them time to refine, polish, and mold it into a candidate who inspires this kind of response: Sitting on the edge of a metal folding chair in a sweltering parking lot, Donna Fouts, 73, doesn’t seem to care that Bachmann planned to vote against the debt-ceiling compromise that would ensure the arrival of her Social Security check and the military benefits owed to her sons and nephews. “Well, I’m sick of all them other politicians that tell me what to do with my life,” she answers. “Something about her tells me to follow her.” Beware Bachmann.

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Somalia’s Former Prime Minister Settles Back Into His Desk Job in Buffalo, N.Y.

Mohamed A. Mohamed once again holds down his comfortable desk job at the New York State Department of Transportation in Buffalo. He’s glad to have a semblance of normal life back after his grueling previous job – as Somalia’s prime minister. How did a civil servant from upstate New York find himself in such a

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Investigators say it appears Sheila Decoster was standing on porch when she leaned over, lifted lid on bin, and fell inside A woman who died after falling face-first into a recycling bin and wasn’t noticed until her husband came home had become stuck in a position in which she couldn’t breathe, a Toledo, Ohio, coroner said. Sheila Decoster, 62, was inside the bin for several hours before she was found on Friday, said Lucas County deputy coroner Diane Barnett. Her husband saw her legs sticking out of the container that sits alongside their porch. “Honestly, I thought it was a dummy,” Richard Decoster said. “I shook her leg and called her name, and I knew she was gone.” The couple, who were married for 43 years, kept their recycling and rubbish bins next to their porch, which does not have a railing. Investigators said it looked like Sheila Decoster was standing on her porch when she leaned over, lifted the lid on the bin and fell inside. Her husband said she had some medical issues, including dizzy spells and an aneurism on her brain, which could explain why she fell. She also had back problems and a recent knee-replacement surgery. There were many complaints about the large recycling bins when they were distributed two years ago. Residents said they were too big and difficult to move, especially for older and disabled people. “It’s tragic, but I think it’s definitely an extreme example,” said city spokeswoman Jen Sorgenfrei. Ohio United States guardian.co.uk

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Rick Santorum, butt of Savage humour | Richard Lawson

Dan Savage’s new video threatens to redefine ‘Rick’ if Santorum makes anti-gay remarks, but is such guerrilla blackmail justified? Back in the heady, Bush-dominated days of 2003, prickly sex advice columnist and guerrilla gay rightser Dan Savage waged a culturally successful war with then Senator Rick Santorum (Republican, Pennsylvania), after Santorum made public statements comparing homosexuality to bestiality and pedophilia. Savage, himself a content and settled gay man now with a husband and child, launched an internet campaign to create a neologism that described “the frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes a byproduct of anal sex” . The new word? Santorum. The newly coined term quickly rose to the top of Google rankings, thus forever associating Senator Santorum’s last name, were one to do an internet search, with one of the more unseemly, albeit common, aspects of gay sex. A mean, irreverent and not undeserved cultural victory! Now, eight strange and changing years later, Santorum is running for president of the United States under the banner of his tried-and-true ultraconservative Christian ideology. In response to this new campaign, and Santorum’s unwavering commitment to associating homosexuality with the darker and most abhorrent reaches of sexual subculture, Savage has created a new video, hosted on the Funny or Die comedy website , threatening to go after Santorum’s first name. In the video – which is mostly “bleeped out”, to create the sense of a truly disgusting and monstrous sexual act that is also likely a string of nonsense dirty words – Savage says that he will not redefine the name “Rick” if Santorum agrees to stop going after the gays in such determined fashion. Another mean, irreverent, funny, preemptive cultural victory for Savage? Not necessarily. The left’s response to the vitriol of the Fox News-stoked American political right surrounding President Obama’s election victory has been, in typical Democratic Pollyanna fashion, a call to cease the angry rhetoric, to make politics about polite discourse again, rather than the snarling bed of conspiracy theorising, wild accusations (“Obama is a Kenyan Muslim!”), and Hitler comparisons it became in 2008 and, with the ascendancy of the Tea Party movement, beyond. “There is too much meanness!” political spokespersons of the left cried, frustrated with being deemed anti-American pro-Communist nü-Fascists. Now that we are nominally in power, finally, we want to stop the madness. But of course, in actual practice, the left can still, in the bloggier corners of society, dish it out just as nastily as the right – Sarah Palin is a vituperative viper with “a secret non-baby”, Michele Bachmann is an addled Christian space alien. A formal call for reason and bipartisanship looks pretty hypocritical when you scan the scattershot, informal pages of, for instance, Daily Kos comments. The right has, of course, pointed out this double standard, and it does seem that a campaign like Savage’s new one offers more fuel for criticism. Last year, Savage became something of a beatified folk hero for creating the feel-good, gently revolutionary “It Gets Better” campaign , a series of YouTube videos made in reaction to a rash of tragic gay suicides (committed by young people feeling alone and desperate), which softened his go-for-broke offender reputation. Dan Savage was someone we could all love, all of a sudden, because he said nice things about family and hope! But now, the Savage of old comes rearing back with an admittedly slightly tongue-in-cheek Funny or Die video going after his defeated foe Rick Santorum. It’s probably too much. While we on the queer left (and our queer-friendly allies) might get a chuckle out of the latest anti-Santorum campaign – Santorum being a perfectly frustrating avatar of nasty bigotry couched in piousness – Savage’s latest effort gives the bigots too much power by deigning even to address them. Santorum and his fervid supporters won’t pay much attention to the nuances of the joke; they’ll merely see it as yet another personal attack lobbied by a sexual radical obsessed with scary dirty talk. And in a time when, for better or worse, LGBT activists are struggling and succeeding to push their just causes into the mainstream (this year’s New York City pride parade was as tame and square, yet celebratory, as any Fourth of July parade), Savage’s endeavour to turn our side of the argument, well, savage again is probably losing us ground in the political cachet game in the pursuit of a few mild laughs. I don’t know how seriously anyone really takes Dan Savage. But he has proven, as evidenced by a tear-inducing Google ad that highlighted the success of the “It Gets Better” initiative, a fairly resonant cultural figure. And though Rick Santorum’s beliefs and policies are vile and regressive, I think we’re at a juncture where we need to kill the opposition with, if not kindness, a certain high-minded betterness. If Santorum wants to blabber on about animal- and kid-screwing, he’s free to do so. But we here in the bourgeois queer movement should, I think, try to keep the rhetoric as elevated as possible. Savage has become a mainstream cultural hero, and whether it’s merely comedy or not, a new call to sully an individual’s name with a particularly blue schoolyard joke seems only petty and time-wasting. The likable Savage already, ahem, creamed Santorum. There’s no honour in kicking a frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter when he’s already down. Gay rights Republicans Sex US politics Tea Party movement United States Richard Lawson guardian.co.uk

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German ‘bubble curtain’ study hopes to protect whales’ hearing

Government looking into soundproofing for underwater construction sites to protect whales and porpoises in Baltic The German government is investigating ways to “bubble-wrap” underwater construction sites to protect whales and porpoises in the Baltic Sea from noise pollution from offshore wind farms. The mammals rely on echo-location to hunt and navigate and researchers say noise from pile-driving work to install the turbines interferes with the animals’ ability to find each other and their prey. Karsten Brensing, a biologist at the Whales and Dolphins Conservation Society said: “These animals are so dependent on their acoustic sense … we need an acoustically clean environment. But a report by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation has suggested an ingenious solution. A “bubble curtain” could contain the disturbance. Using simple, low-cost technology, bubbles released from pipes on the seafloor would create a sound-insulating barrier. Germany is a leader in the field of wind-power technology and with the country’s phase-out of nuclear power, incentives are being offered to encourage the expansion of offshore wind farms. A Greenpeace campaigner, Thilo Maack, believes that if “bubble curtains” can mitigate the impact on wildlife, they should be used. But he also said quieter construction methods such as drilling need to be investigated. “We have to be sure that the wind parks don’t harm harbour porpoises and other marine mammals,” Maack said. “On the other hand, we need these renewable energies to fight the consequences of climate change.”.” Marine life Whales Germany Europe guardian.co.uk

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London has been burning down for last few days. Susie has a great post up connecting the unprecedented social unrest in UK with recent austerity policies deployed by the current administration. I wanted to dig into this a little more yesterday. So I asked couple of friends in England about it. I reached out via Twitter yesterday to couple of good friends in London and asked them if they had any recommendations on good reads that give us a sense of the root cause of London riots. My friend Alex Smith , who is a former aide to Labour Leader Ed Miliband , and of the leading online opinion leaders in UK’s Labour’s grassroots network, immediately fired off this : Hard to deduce this could’ve happened in such extremes w/out years of breakdown in trust due to political, financial, media corruption. Pointing me to this piece in the Guardian discussing how years of “ a ‘toxic mix’ of poor policing of black and minority ethnic communities and social deprivation ” in London may have led to last few days of tragic combustion. Meanwhile, Weldon Kennedy , a brilliant organizer who has been doing great work as “Director of Human Rights Organizing” at Change.org pointed to couple of additional articles for context. The “big picture” Nina Power provided in the Guardian is sobering (emphasis added): Since the coalition came to power just over a year ago, the country has seen multiple student protests, occupations of dozens of universities, several strikes, a half-a-million-strong trade union march and now unrest on the streets of the capital (preceded by clashes with Bristol police in Stokes Croft earlier in the year). Each of these events was sparked by a different cause, yet all take place against a backdrop of brutal cuts and enforced austerity measures . The government knows very well that it is taking a gamble, and that its policies run the risk of sparking mass unrest on a scale we haven’t seen since the early 1980s. With people taking to the streets of Tottenham, Edmonton, Brixton and elsewhere over the past few nights, we could be about to see the government enter a sustained and serious losing streak. […] Combine understandable suspicion of and resentment towards the police based on experience and memory with high poverty and large unemployment and the reasons why people are taking to the streets become clear. ( Haringey, the borough that includes Tottenham, has the fourth highest level of child poverty in London and an unemployment rate of 8.8%, double the national average, with one vacancy for every 54 seeking work in the borough. ) Those condemning the events of the past couple of nights in north London and elsewhere would do well to take a step back and consider the bigger picture: a country in which the richest 10% are now 100 times better off than the poorest, where consumerism predicated on personal debt has been pushed for years as the solution to a faltering economy, and where, according to the OECD, social mobility is worse than any other developed country . Hmm, that all sounds pretty familiar to us doesn’t it? Let’s tick of the similarities after the flip. First, let’s talk about the wealth gap and underserved communities. Just days ago we saw brand new research on how ” the wealth gap between whites and each of the nation’s two largest minorities —Hispanics and blacks—has widened to unprecedented levels amid the housing crisis and the recession .” News reports after news reports like this one have come out pointing to the soaring unemployment rate in the African American community in the US. It is currently around 16 percent. Second, let’s talk about unrest in the labor communities. Just today there is a big recall election going on in Wisconsin , which has been a result of a historic and unprecedented union inspired protest in the Badger state. Meanwhile, just couple of days ago 45,000 workers at Verizon went on a massive strike (full disclosure: I do a lot of work on behalf of the good folks at Communication Workers of America , who are at the forefront of that Verizon strike). There was of course the FAA fiasco that had everything to do with the House GOP’s efforts to bust unions . Third, let’s talk about tone deaf politicians. Just yesterday brand new CNN poll came out showing how 49 percent of Americans are concerned about unemployment, while 27 percent are worried about deficit . Less than couple of weeks ago a new “bipartisan” poll (a word that Washington is so in love with) came out showing how voters care more about jobs, manufacturing than the deficit by an eye popping 67 percent to 29 percent . There was another poll from the Washington Post couple of weeks ago that came out with one basic message: jobs . Yet as as Digby pointed out the conventional wisdom in Washington seems to be doubling down on austerity showing no signs of being cognizant about real life concerns and policy preferences of overwhelming majority of Americans. So it is not a stretch by any means to find the similarities between the “toxic mix” that has led to the sad state of affairs in UK, with what is unfolding in the US. The question we are wondering is when exactly our “leaders” will wake up? I hope they don’t have to wait until there is a “toxic” and “tragic” combustion on our side of the pond.

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Rupert Murdoch to face Wall Street analysts’ questions

News Corp boss likely to be quizzed on plans for succession – but queries on phone hacking ruled out on legal advice Rupert Murdoch will address Wall Street for the first time since the phone-hacking scandal escalated in the UK in a conference call with analysts to discuss News Corporation’s full-year results on Wednesday. It will be the first time US analysts have been able to quiz the News Corp boss since the scandal that has seen the closure of the News of the World and the end of his bid to take full control of profitable UK satellite broadcaster BSkyB. Insiders said he will make a prepared statement, but analysts will be warned that questions about allegations of phone hacking and illegal payments to police in the UK will not be accepted on the grounds they could prejudice a later trial. Sources said Murdoch’s statement will not be as contrite as the ones he made in July in London, when he declared his appearance before the Commons culture select committee was “the most humble day of my life”. He is however expected to be quizzed on succession plans and whether, at 80, the News Corp chairman and chief executive is willing to hand over the reins to trusted lieutenant Chase Carey, the deputy chairman, president and chief operating officer. He may also face questions about the future plans for his son James, who until recently was seen as his heir apparent and was due to move to New York to take over as deputy chief operating officer. The company announced earlier in August that Rupert’s daughter, Elisabeth, had decided not to take up a seat on the board. Wall Street investors will be most interested, however, to discoverMurdoch’s plans for the $12bn (£7.5bn) earmarked for News Corp’s purchase of the 61% of BSkyB it did not already own. Some $3.2bn of this has already been set aside for a share buyback scheme announced in the wake of News Corp’s withdrawal of the bid for the satellite broadcaster. It is Murdoch’s first conference call in a year and underlines the company’s determination to reassure US shareholders, alarmed by the scandal in the UK, that everything is back under control after the events of the past month. But it is a high-risk strategy as Murdoch, as could be seen at the parliamentary select committee, is prone to going off message. The results call, for the fourth quarter and the company’s full-year results for the 12 months to the end of June, will be preceded by a News Corp board meeting in Los Angeles on Tuesday Directors will updated on the internal investigation into the News of the World’s alleged payments to police and phone hacking. Murdoch is expected to set out a road map of potential landmines that face News Corp as police inquiries and civil actions over invasion of privacy continue, and Lord Leveson’s judicial inquiry into phone hacking and wider media practices gets under way in the autumn. News Corp’s internal investigation is being conducted with the help of Williams & Connolly, one of the most prestigious law firms in Washington. •

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Paris gets its first 24-hour baguette dispenser – feel le pain

Bread is partially cooked before being put in the machine, then finished off when ordered and delivered crisp and hot – for €1 Few things in France are treated with the reverence and respect of bread in general and the baguette, the long wand of dough made from a recipe defined in French law, in particular. It is a bread on to which some still trace the sign of the cross before cutting into it every morning for breakfast, when it is mostly spread with butter and jam. But now one entrepreneurial baker has come up with an idea that sounds as sacrilegious as putting Dom Pérignon in wine boxes: selling baguettes in a vending machine. Jean-Louis Hecht has taken advantage of the August holiday period, when many of France’s 33,000 boulangers shut up shop, to install Paris’s first 24-hour automated baguette dispenser. “This is the bakery of tomorrow,” Hecht told the Associated Press. “It is answering a real need. People who work at night or early in the morning can get their fresh bread. To me it’s a public utility.” So far Hecht has only installed two machines, one next to his baker’s shop in Paris’s 19th arrondissement and a second in the north-eastern town of Hombourg-Haut, close to the German border, where he also has a shop. The baguettes are partially cooked before they are put in the machine, then finished off when ordered and delivered crisp and steaming for €1 each. Hecht first came up with his idea two years ago. Like many bakers he was living over his boulanger, in Hombourg-Haut and was often disturbed by customers knocking on the door for bread after he had closed. “My wife said: ‘We’ll never get any peace”, so I said, ‘We’ll put out a bread distributor and we’ll be left alone,” Hecht added. Marc Nexhip of the Paris bakers’ union admitted he had not yet tasted one of the vending machine baguettes, but told AP: “I’m not convinced that good taste can be maintained over time. Maybe for 15 minutes, but not for several hours.” Hecht is not discouraged. “It’s like with banks: before, everyone went to a teller; now, everyone uses cash dispensers. It will be the same with bread: today, everyone goes to the bakery; tomorrow, they’ll go to the baguette dispenser,” he said. France Europe Food & drink Food & drink industry Kim Willsher guardian.co.uk

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Although better left to the police, Rupert Myers explains the law when performing a citizen’s arrest Following the revelation that the TV historian Dan Snow rugby-tackled a rioter in London it seems timely to produce a basic guide to the citizen’s arrest. I’ve seen a few incidents of people intervening to try and prevent crime. Some of them have been successful, and others have resulted in those people becoming the victim of violent crime themselves. It’s always better to leave it to the professionals if you can, but the criminal justice system accepts that isn’t always possible. Hence the existence of law which amounts to what is commonly known as the citizen’s arrest. The law is certainly not a vigilante’s charter: the starting point is that detention of another person is, on its own, unlawful. The statutory power of any member of the public in England and Wales to detain someone they consider to be involved in criminal activity is to be found in section 24A of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1974 . A person “other than a constable” may arrest without a warrant anyone: Who is in the act of committing an indictable offence; or whom the person has reasonable grounds to suspect is committing an indictable offence. An indictable offence is one that can be tried in a crown court, in front of a jury. This alone isn’t much use to the average civilian, and astonishingly the government doesn’t seem to publish a complete list of offences which qualify, but examples include theft, criminal damage and assault occasioning actual bodily harm . Such an arrest can only be made if it does not appear reasonably practicable for a police constable to make the arrest instead, and if the person making the arrest has reasonable grounds to believe that such an arrest is necessary to prevent the person being arrested from: (a) causing physical injury to himself or any other person; (b) suffering physical injury; (c) causing loss of or damage to property; or (d) making off before a constable can assume responsibility for him. Anyone attempting such an arrest should also inform the subject of what is being done doing as soon as is reasonably possible, explaining the reason for arresting them, and what offence it is believed that they have committed. Anyone carrying out an arrest can only use reasonable force when arresting the person in question. This is a matter of degree, obviously. A civilian also has a broader (if somewhat vaguer) common law (i.e. judge-made) power of arrest where there is a “breach of the peace”, which itself is not really a crime, but can be said to occur whenever harm is actually done or is likely to be done to a person or, in his presence, to his property, or where a person is in fear of being harmed through an assault, affray, riot, unlawful assembly or other disturbance. A civilian may conduct an arrest in these circumstances if: (a) a breach of the peace is committed in his presence, (b) the person effecting the arrest reasonably believes that such a breach will be committed in the immediate future by the person arrested, or (c) a breach of the peace has been committed or the person effecting the arrest reasonably believes that a breach of the peace has occurred and that a further breach is threatened. If it goes to court for some reason, the court will determine whether the belief was reasonable having regard to the circumstances as perceived by the person carrying out the arrest at the time. Where a reasonable apprehension of an imminent breach of the peace exists, the preventive action taken must be reasonable and proportionate. On a practical level, it is usually best to avoid getting involved as this story and this story show. If you do intervene, do so carefully, respectfully, and with, at most, a reasonable and proportionate use of force — only having first checked that there is no possibility of a police officer doing the job for you. Always call the police, and make sure that anyone you have arrested is transferred to the police as soon as possible. Avoid acting alone, since if the person you have arrested later tries to suggest that you have assaulted them, or caused them some other wrong, you don’t want to find that it is just your word against theirs. Any video or sound recording of what led you to act, or the testimony of any friend or relative who watched the whole incident may be helpful when it comes to explaining to the police and to the Crown Prosecution Service why you have stepped in to the breach. Rupert Myers is a barrister specialising in criminal law UK criminal justice Protest UK riots Police Rupert Myers guardian.co.uk

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