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Phone hacking: News of the World reporter’s letter reveals cover-up

Disgraced royal correspondent Clive Goodman’s letter says phone hacking was ‘widely discussed’ at NoW meetings Rupert Murdoch, James Murdoch and their former editor Andy Coulson all face embarrassing new allegations of dishonesty and cover-up after the publication of an explosive letter written by the News of the World’s disgraced royal correspondent, Clive Goodman. In the letter, which was written four years ago but published only on Tuesday, Goodman claims that phone hacking was “widely discussed” at editorial meetings at the paper until Coulson himself banned further references to it; that Coulson offered to let him keep his job if he agreed not to implicate the paper in hacking when he came to court; and that his own hacking was carried out with “the full knowledge and support” of other senior journalists, whom he named. The claims are acutely troubling for the prime minister, David Cameron, who hired Coulson as his media adviser on the basis that he knew nothing about phone hacking. And they confront Rupert and James Murdoch with the humiliating prospect of being recalled to parliament to justify the evidence which they gave last month on the aftermath of Goodman’s allegations. In a separate letter, one of the Murdochs’ own law firms claim that parts of that evidence were variously “hard to credit”, “self-serving” and “inaccurate and misleading”. Goodman’s claims also raise serious questions about Rupert Murdoch’s close friend and adviser, Les Hinton, who was sent a copy of the letter but failed to pass it to police and who then led a cast of senior Murdoch personnel in telling parliament that they believed Andy Coulson knew nothing about the interception of the voicemail of public figures and that Goodman was the only journalist involved. The letters from Goodman and from the leading London law firm Harbottle and Lewis are among a cache of paperwork published by the House of Commons culture, media and sport select committee. One committee member, the Labour MP Tom Watson, said Goodman’s letter was “absolutely devastating”. He said: “Clive Goodman’s letter is the most significant piece of evidence that has been revealed so far. It completely removes News International’s defence. This is one of the largest cover-ups I have seen in my lifetime.” Goodman’s letter is dated 2 March 2007, soon after he was released from a four-month prison sentence. It is addressed to News International’s director of human resources, Daniel Cloke, and registers his appeal against the decision of the company’s then chairman, Les Hinton, to sack him for gross misconduct after he admitted intercepting the voicemail of three members of the royal household. Goodman lists five grounds for his appeal. He argues that the decision is perverse because he acted “with the full knowledge and support” of named senior journalists and that payments for the private investigator who assisted him, Glenn Mulcaire, were arranged by another senior journalist. The names of the journalists have been redacted from the published letter at the request of Scotland Yard, who are investigating the affair. Goodman then claims that other members of staff at the News of the World were also hacking phones. Crucially, he adds: “This practice was widely discussed in the daily editorial conference, until explicit reference to it was banned by the editor.” He reveals that the paper continued to consult him on stories even though they knew he was going to plead guilty to phone hacking and that the paper’s then lawyer, Tom Crone, knew all the details of the case against him. In a particularly embarrassing allegation, he adds: “Tom Crone and the editor promised on many occasions that I could come back to a job at the newspaper if I did not implicate the paper or any of its staff in my mitigation plea. I did not, and I expect the paper to honour its promise to me.” In the event, he lost his appeal. But the claim that the paper induced him to mislead the court is one that may cause further problems for News International. Two versions of Goodman’s letter were provided to the committee. One which was supplied by Harbottle and Lewis has been redacted to remove the names of journalists, at the request of police. The other, which was supplied by News International, has been redacted to remove not only the names but also all references to hacking being discussed in Coulson’s editorial meetings and to Coulson’s offer to keep Goodman on staff if he agreed not to implicate the paper. The company also faces a new claim that it misled parliament. In earlier evidence to the select committee, in answer to questions about whether it had bought Goodman’s silence, it had said he was paid off with a period of notice plus compensation of no more than £60,000. The new paperwork, however, reveals that Goodman was paid a full year’s salary, worth £90,502.08, plus a further £140,000 in compensation, plus £13,000 to cover his lawyer’s bill. Tom Watson said: “It’s hush money. I think they tried to buy his silence.” Murdoch’s executives have always denied this. When Goodman’s letter reached News International four years ago, it set off a chain reaction which now threatens embarrassment for Rupert and James Murdoch personally. The company resisted Goodman’s appeal, and he requested disclosure of emails sent to and from six named senior journalists on the paper. The company collected 2,500 emails and sent them to Harbottle and Lewis, a leading media law firm, and asked them to examine them. Harbottle and Lewis then produced a letter, which has previously been published by the select committee in unredacted form: “I can confirm that we did not find anything in those emails which appeared to us to be reasonable evidence that Clive Goodman’s illegal actions were known about and supported by both or either of Andy Coulson, the editor, and Neil Wallis, the deputy editor, and/or that Ian Edmondson, the news editor, and others were carrying out similar illegal procedures.” In their evidence to the select committee last month, the Murdochs presented this letter as evidence that the company had been given a clean bill of health. However, the Metropolitan police have since said that the emails contained evidence of “alleged payments by corrupt journalists to corrupt police officers”. And the former director of public prosecutions, Ken Macdonald, who examined a small sample of the emails, said they contained evidence of indirect hacking, breaches of national security and serious crime. In a lengthy reply, Harbottle and Lewis say they were never asked to investigate whether crimes generally had been committed at the News of the World but had been instructed only to say whether the emails contained evidence that Goodman had hacked phones with “the full knowledge and support” of the named senior journalists. They reveals that their letter was the result of a detailed negotiation with News International’s senior lawyer, Jon Chapman, and they refused to include a line which he suggested, that, having seen a copy of Goodman’s letter of 2 March, “we did not find anything that we consider to be directly relevant to the grounds of appeal put forward by him”. In a lengthy criticism of the Murdochs’ evidence to the select committee last month, Harbottle and Lewis say they find it “hard to credit” James Murdoch’s repeated claim that News International “rested on” their letter as part of their grounds for believing that Clive Goodman was a “rogue reporter”. They say News International’s view of their role is “self-serving” and that Rupert Murdoch’s claim that they were hired “to find out what the hell was going on” was “inaccurate and misleading”, although they add that he may have been confused or misinformed about their role. They write: “There was absolutely no question of the firm being asked to provide News International with a clean bill of health which it could deploy years later in wholly different contexts for wholly different purposes … The firm was not being asked to provide some sort of “good conduct certificate” which News International could show to parliament … Nor was it being given a general retainer, as Mr Rupert Murdoch asserted it was, ‘to find out what the hell was going on’.” The law firm’s challenge to the Murdochs’ evidence follows an earlier claim made jointly by the paper’s former editor and former lawyer that a different element of James Murdoch’s evidence to the committee was “mistaken”. He had told the committee that he had paid more than £1m to settle a legal action brought by Gordon Taylor of the Professional Footballers Association without knowing that Taylor’s lawyers had obtained an email from a junior reporter to the paper’s chief reporter, Neville Thurlbeck, containing 35 transcripts of voicemail messages. The News of the World’s former lawyer, Tom Crone, and the former editor, Colin Myler, last month challenged this. In letters published by the committee, Crone repeats his position. He says this email was “the sole reason” for settling Gordon Taylor’s case. He says he took it with him to a meeting with James Murdoch in June 2008 when he explained the need to settle: “I have no doubt that I informed Mr Murdoch of its existence, of what it was and where it came from.” Colin Myler, in a separate letter also published on Tuesday, endorses Crone’s account. Their evidence raises questions about James Murdoch’s failure to tell the police or his shareholders about the evidence of crime contained in the email. Tom Watson said that both Murdochs should be recalled to the committee to explain their evidence. The former chairman of News International, Les Hinton, who resigned last month, may join them. Four days after Clive Goodman sent his letter, Hinton gave evidence to the select committee in which he made no reference to any of the allegations contained in the letter but told MPs that “I believe absolutely that Andy (Coulson) did not have knowledge of what was going on” and that he had carried out a full, rigorous internal inquiry and that he believed Clive Goodman was the only person involved. Phone hacking Clive Goodman News of the World Rupert Murdoch Andy Coulson James Murdoch Newspapers & magazines National newspapers Newspapers Nick Davies guardian.co.uk

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Too much television may shorten your life

Six hours of TV a day can cut life expectancy by nearly five years, research shows Watching too much television could shorten your life, a study suggests. Research carried out in Australia, and published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, showed that every hour of TV watched after the age of 25 may shorten lifespan by 22 minutes. According to one of the report’s authors, Dr Lennert Veerman, from the School of Population Health at the University of Queensland, it puts long hours spent in front of the box “in the same ballpark as smoking and obesity”. “While smoking rates are declining, watching TV is not, which has implications at a population level,” he said. Last year, another Australian study found an hour of TV a day led to an 8% increase in the risk of premature death. “We’ve taken that study and translated it into what it means for life expectancy in Australia given how much TV we watch,” said Veerman. Australians watch about two hours of TV a day. As a result their life expectancy at birth is reduced by 1.8 years for men and 1.5 years for women, according to the study. Britons watch more than three hours of TV a day, according to the Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board. Too much sitting, as distinct from too little exercise, is associated with higher mortality risk, particularly from cardiovascular disease. “Logically we know that physical activity is good for health and so it’s not so strange that the reverse is not so good,” said Veerman. The report was based on an observational survey conducted in 1999-2000 with more than 11,000 participants aged 25 and over. Participants reported the amount of time they spent watching TV or videos in the previous week, when it was their main activity (ie, not doing the cooking or the ironing at the same time). The report also showed that a person who watches an average of six hours of TV a day would live on average 4.8 years less than someone who watches none. Television Television Australia Television industry Health guardian.co.uk

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Rail fares to rise by 8% next year

Train firms allowed to hit commuters with fare increases of 3% on top of the retail price index figure Rail passengers will be hit by an 8% fare increase next year, after the retail prices index remained unchanged. July’s RPI figure stayed at 5%, the Office for National Statistics announced. Under the government’s austerity drive rail prices will rise by the RPI figure plus 3% until 2014, meaning sharp price increases for passengers. The 8% rise can be used by rail companies as an average increase, meaning some journeys could face even larger increases. Rail minister Theresa Villiers told BBC Breakfast on Tuesday that longer trains would be provided in the future and that if costs could be reduced then above-inflation fees would end. Passengers were unimpressed by the impending increase in ticket prices. “This could drive people off the railways,” said Sharmaine Mackin, 25, who travelled from Bracknell, in Berkshire, to London Waterloo on Tuesday morning. “An 8% rise is not good news. I think the fares are already too high.” Her sentiments were echoed by other rail users. One woman, a secretary in her 40s who commutes between London and Farnborough in Hampshire, described the 8% rise as “disgusting”. She added: “I’m already paying more than £2,000 a year for my season ticket. That’s a lot of money.” A 60-year-old commuter from Farnham in Surrey, who uses South West Trains’ services, said a rise to his season ticket would make it “absurdly expensive”. “We already pay far more than rail travellers do in Europe,” he said. “My journey has improved over the years but this rise is not justified.” A 28-year-old woman engineer from Gravesend in Kent said: “Trains are so overcrowded that I can’t see how they can put up the fares.” Villiers told BBC Breakfast she could guarantee that longer trains would be provided in future, as part of a national upgrade that includes 2,700 new rail carriages. “We’re guaranteeing that there will be longer trains, we’re guaranteeing that into our major cities there’s going to be more space and more seats for passengers,” she said. The rail minister added that if costs could come down, then above-inflation fare increases would end. Passengers face the average rise of 3% above inflation for the next three years. The transport secretary, Philip Hammond, said: “We are now embarked on one of the biggest programmes of rail investment for 100 years, delivering more than 2,700 new rail carriages, a £900m programme to electrify more lines and the vital Crossrail and Thameslink projects in London. “Due to the scale of the deficit, these investments would simply have not been possible without the difficult decision we have made to increase rail fares. I know this decision has not been popular, but I hope passengers will appreciate the improvements it allows us to make.” He went on: “However, it’s absolutely clear that in the longer term the only solution is to bring the overall cost of the railways down. We have already begun work on this with the [Sir Roy] McNulty Review [of rail costs] and we are determined to succeed. “Better value for money on the railway will deliver a better deal for taxpayers and farepayers alike and will allow us to put the era of above inflation rises in regulated fares behind us.” On Monday Villiers said: “The scale of the deficit means that the government has had to take some very difficult decisions on future rail fares, but the long-term solution is to get the cost of running the railways down.” While the RPI remained at the same figure, the wider consumer prices index rate of inflation increased to 4.4% in July, from 4.2% in June, triggering a letter of explanation from the Bank of England governor, Sir Mervyn King, to the chancellor, George Osborne. Rail transport Transport Rail travel London Consumer affairs Theresa Villiers Adam Gabbatt guardian.co.uk

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Indian hunger striker Anna Hazare arrested

Anti-corruption activist Anna Hazare held by police after announcing plans to go on indefinite hunger strike Indian police have detained the country’s most prominent anti-corruption campaigner, hours before he was due to begin an indefinite hunger strike to demand tough new laws against graft. The arrest of 74-year-old Anna Hazare prompted outrage, with opposition politicians accusing Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s beleaguered administration, currently in the middle of its second term, of repeating draconian crackdowns of the 1970s. A series of impromptu demonstrations were organised across the country in support of Hazare. More than 250 campaigners associated with him, including other well-known anti-corruption activists, were also detained by police. There were reports of protests in western Punjab, in eastern Orissa, in the far south, in northern Himachel Pradesh and in Ralegan Siddhi, Hazare’s home village in central Maharashtra state. Singh’s government has been on the defensive in recent months after a series of corruption scams which, combined with rampant food inflation, have sparked public anger and sent poll ratings plummeting. The campaign of Hazare, a controversial but respected figure , has rattled officials and politicians. Negotiations had been continuing over his planned public “fast unto death” for several weeks. Thousands of demonstrators were expected to converge on the capital to join the former army soldier and activist. “When you have a crowd of 10,000 people, can anyone guarantee there will be no disruption? … The police is doing its duty. We should allow them to do it,” argued the information and broadcasting minister, Ambika Soni, in an interview with CNN-IBN television. Dressed in his trademark plain white shirt, white cap and spectacles in the style of independence leader Mahatma Gandhi, Hazare was driven away in a white car by plainclothes police, waving to hundreds of supporters. A police spokesman said the veteran campaigner and four others had been placed under “preventive arrest”. No charges have yet been filed. Hazare recently called for a “second freedom struggle” in India, which threw off British imperial rule in 1947. “This is a fight for change. Unless there is change, there is no freedom, there is no actual democracy, there is no true republic, there is no true people’s rule. The protests should not stop. The time has come for no jail in the country to have a free space,” he said in a message broadcast on YouTube . Both houses of parliament were adjourned after the opposition protested at the arrests. Though politicians from all political parties have been implicated in corruption scams, many figures associated with the biggest and most high-profile cases of graft are from the ruling Congress party. Opposition figures likened the crackdown to the 1975 “Emergency”, when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi arrested thousands of opposition members in order to stay in power. Manish Tewari, a Congress party spokesman, said Hazare was surrounded by “armchair fascists, overground Maoists, closet anarchists”. A crackdown earlier this year on a fasting yoga guru who had rallied tens of thousands of people in the capital managed to break up his anti-corruption protests successfully. Hazare’s first hunger strike in April won concessions from the government that promised a parliamentary bill creating a special ombudsman with power to investigate and punish corrupt politicians, bureaucrats and judges. But the changes proposed by the legislation presented in early August were criticised by activists as insufficient. They accused the government of backtracking. India Jason Burke guardian.co.uk

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Nick Clegg to unveil ‘riot payback scheme’ as No 10 agrees to inquiry

Clegg to say people convicted of rioting crimes should have to ‘look their victims in the eye’, while No 10 plans a ‘public engagement exercise’ to establish causes of disturbances Nick Clegg is announcing separate plans for a “riot payback scheme”, which would see people convicted of looting or violence in last week’s disturbances being made to do community service or take part in restorative justice programmes in the areas where crimes were committed. He will say that people convicted of crimes last week should have to “look their victims in the eye”. Clegg could also give details of plans for a commission of inquiry into the causes of the riots after it emerged that No 10 has conceded to Labour demands for a formal commission to investigate the causes of last week’s riots after behind-the-scenes cross-party talks co-ordinated by the Liberal Democrats. The Ministry of Justice is to ask the probation service to instigate the schemes in the cities where the riots took place. Offenders would take part in activities to help repair the damage done or to face their victims and apologise under the restorative justice principle. The deputy PM will tell a press conference in London: “I want offenders to be punished – and to change their ways. Victims of crime are only truly protected if punishment leads to criminals not committing crime again. Criminals must be punished and then made to change their ways. “That’s why those people who behaved so despicably last week should have to look their victims in the eye. They should have to see for themselves the consequences of their actions and they should be put to work cleaning up the damage and destruction they have caused so they don’t do it again. “We want people to be punished for their wrongdoing. We also want them to stop doing wrong. We want their future behaviour to change. We need punishment that sticks.” Clegg is said to be close to “brokering” a deal between the Conservatives and Labour into setting up a commission that would go into every neighbourhood affected by the disturbances to ask community members why the outbursts of violence occurred. David Cameron had previously ruled out a full public inquiry in the short term, claiming that the parliamentary select committee inquiries were adequate but the government has now signalled its intention for a “public engagement exercise”, with an independent chair, to establish the causes of the riots and looting. A Downing Street source said: “We are coming to the view that there is a case for community engagement about what happened and why. It would involve getting someone to go into the communities and find out why this all happened. It would be likely that it would be chaired by someone outside government. We’re coming to the view that some sort of engagement exercise would be useful.” The No10 source said it would not operate under the Inquiries Act and its precise nature had not been confirmed. Labour sources confirmed they were in talks with ministers about the plans and a Liberal Democrat source said Clegg was “brokering” the deal on how the commission would be established. Clegg has been privately considering such an inquiry since last week and his party has already commissioned its own research into the problems. On Monday Ed Miliband set out his demands for a commission of inquiry in a speech at Haverstock school, the comprehensive he attended in north London, which is situated close to some of the scenes of last week’s violence. He argued against an inquiry run by MPs, civil servants or the judiciary calling for the prime minister to “have the humility” to listen to the communities affected. “You should have nothing to fear from the truth,” he said. He added that if the government didn’t move to establish such an inquiry, the Labour party would. UK riots Nick Clegg Crime Police Polly Curtis guardian.co.uk

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Inflation could push up rail season tickets by 8%

• Fares allowed to rise by inflation plus 3% • RPI expected to touch 5% for July • Bank of England governor to write to chancellor Hard-hit rail commuters face more misery as inflation figures on Tuesday reveal how much more they will have to pay for their season tickets in the new year. The July retail prices index rate is used to determine the following January’s annual rise for regulated rail fares, which include season and saver tickets. The formula used to calculate the new fares is RPI plus 3%. The rate is expected to come in at 5%, meaning fares will increase by 8%. Elsewhere, the wider consumer prices index (CPI) rate of inflation is expected to increase to 4.4% from 4.2% in June, underlying the pressure on household budgets and triggering an explanation letter from Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King to George Osborne. And a quarterly survey from Saga revealed a sharp fall in the standard of living for older generations. For the third quarter in a row, Saga’s Quality of Life Index has fallen, as soaring price levels continue to erode living standards for over 50s. The government changed the fare-rise formula for 2012, with the formula previously being RPI plus 1%. As train companies are allowed to make the increase an average figure, some season tickets could go up by much more than that. The rise in rail fares comes as utility groups announce future electricity and gas bills, all of which are expected to push the CPI rate of inflation to 5% by the end of the year. But with the UK facing a period of continued sluggish growth, the Bank expects inflation to fall below the 2% target to 1.8% in two years’ time, particularly as the impact of this year’s VAT increase falls out. Victoria Cadman, an economist at Investec Securities, said lower food and petrol prices will limit the rise this month, with recent data from the British Retail Consortium showing prices fell by 0.6% in July from June. Oil prices have also fallen, with some of the main supermarkets cutting their forecourt prices , while motoring organisation the AA indicated prices of both petrol and diesel had eased a little. If the figures come in as expected, July will be the 20th month running that CPI will have missed the Bank of England’s target of 2%. Sir Mervyn is required to write to the chancellor when the rate of inflation has been above target for more than three months – this will be his seventh successive letter and his 12th in total. Fair Fares Now campaigners, led by the Campaign for Better Transport, will be at London’s Waterloo station to demonstrate against the hike before the RPI rate is revealed by the Office for National Statistics. The campaign is also supported by the RMT transport union which on Tuesday published a report saying rail privatisation had “bled £6.6bn out of the rail industry since 1997″. The RMT-commissioned report by research company Just Economics also said that the future “bleed” would amount to around £6.7bn over the next 10 years. RMT general secretary Bob Crow said the government was “forcing through inflation-busting fare increases and savage cuts to maximise private train company profits”. Campaign for Better Transport’s public transport campaigner Alexandra Woodsworth said: “Affordable rail travel is vital for passengers, for the environment and for our workforce. These massive fare rises will be a disaster for people already struggling with rising costs, and risk pricing those on lower incomes out of jobs in our major cities. “Our demonstration is sending a clear message to government that the country simply can’t afford fare rises on such a punitive scale. It’s time to burst the bubble on inflation-busting fare hikes.” Shadow transport secretary Maria Eagle will meet commuters at Waterloo and call on the government to rethink the rail fare increases planned for each of the next three years. She said: “The Tory-led government is totally out of touch with the cost of living crisis facing commuters and fails to understand how these eye-watering rail fare rises will add to the burden on families. The cost of getting to work is for many people the biggest single item in the monthly budget, bigger than mortgage payments and bigger than rent.” Inflation Rail transport Transport Economics Travel & leisure guardian.co.uk

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POTUS Addresses ObamaCare: ‘If the Other Side Wants to be the Folks Who Don’t Care – Fine With Me’

Click here to view this media President Barack Obama attempted to reclaim the “ObamaCare” label from critics at a town hall event in Cannon Falls, Minnesota Monday. “The prescription drug program that now is part of Medicare obviously has been very helpful but the costs had been going up and up and up,” the president explained. “So part of the Affordable Care Act health care reform, also known as ObamaCare — by the way, you know what? Let me tell you, I have no problem with folks saying ObamaCares. I do care.” “If the other side wants to be the folks who don’t care, that’s fine with me.” That’s one way to get Republicans to stop using the term “ObamaCare” – it’s Obama saying he likes it.

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Chris Matthews: News Organizations Are ‘Going to Spend Every Nickel They Have’ Investigating Rick Perry

MSNBC's Chris Matthews is clearly afraid of Texas governor Rick Perry beating Barack Obama if he becomes the Republican presidential nominee. On Monday's “Hardball,” the host asked the Washington Post's Eugene Robinson, “Do you think the nation's newspapers and the big news organizations are now going to spend every nickel they have sending young people out there to go investigate this guy?” (video follows with transcript and commentary): CHRIS MATTHEWS, HOST: Your thought about Perry. You’re a political expert, I haven’t had a chance to, is this guy really the Perry on top of this cake right now? EUGENE ROBINSON, WASHINGTON POST: I think he is a formidable politician. He’s got experience. He's off like gangbusters. He immediately becomes a top tier candidate. And I think at the White House they are having to do recalibration today, and to think about, gee, maybe we will run against Perry instead of running against Romney. MATTHEWS: You’ve been an editor, for many years the top editor at the Post. Do you think the nation's newspapers and the big news organizations are now going to spend every nickel they have sending young people out there to go investigate this guy? ROBINSON: Absolutely. MATTHEWS: I think there is going to be a tremendous amount of investigation on this guy. ROBINSON: Absolutely. MATTHEWS: He better be clean as a whistle. Time is coming. He’s arrived. The time, the march of time has begun… ROBINSON: Well, it's hot in here. MATTHEWS: …for this guy. Anyway, thank you. If you don’t like the heat, stay out of the kitchen, Governor. Wouldn't it have been nice if Matthews, Robinson, and the rest of their colleagues behaved this way in 2007 and 2008? Maybe if they had, we'd have someone qualified in the White House now. Instead, having completely abdicated their journalistic responsibilities in order to assist the inexperienced junior senator from Illinois attain the highest office in the land, media members are now going to bring all forces to bear to discredit any serious challengers to ensure his reelection. This comes days after Matthews was jubilant at the thought of eleven of his twelve regulars on the syndicated program bearing his name claiming it's going to be easier for the Obama campaign to attack Perry than Romney. With all the time, energy, and money the press are – in Matthews and Robinson's view – willing to spend on investigating the Texas governor, it's a metaphysical certitude the White House will have plenty of ammunition to place in negative ads regardless of veracity or accuracy. Makes you seriously worry about the future of this nation witnessing such an unholy collusion between the media and our most powerful elected official.

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US corn-belt farmers: ‘The country has turned on us’

As Congress reviews 30 years of corn ethanol subsidies, the global food crisis has shone a negative light on biofuel production There were times when Arlyn Schipper could almost feel heroic on his family farm in the heart of America’s corn belt. His 1,619 hectares (4,000 acres) in Iowa, planted almost entirely with corn, were helping to feed a nation – or at least help put fuel in its gas tanks, as his crop was processed into corn ethanol. Schipper still sees it that way. It is just he feels America has moved on, or as he put it: “The country has turned on us.” The US debt crisis , and the challenge of finding $1.3tn (£796bn) in budget cuts, has forced Congress to re-examine three decades of government subsidies for corn ethanol. Drought and famine in the Horn of Africa have exposed further a negative consequence of biofuel production: the global food crisis . By competing with food crops for land, large-scale biofuel production has constricted supply and so boosted food prices across the world. This has led to a backlash against biofuels such as corn ethanol from environmentalists and development charities. “Ten years ago this was the greatest thing since apple pie – ethanol. A lot of farmers invested in this, and a lot of farmers invested in ethanol plants. Everybody wanted it. Our country wanted it. It was a renewable resource,” said Schipper. “And now that we have got all of this money tied up in this, it’s kind of turned on us.” Many will feel that corn farmers have had it pretty good. And the ethanol industry still has a mighty hold on America’s corn belt. America is projected to produce 14bn US gallons (53bn litres) of corn ethanol this year at 200 refineries across the midwest. Iowa, which leads the country in corn production, will use 58% of its crop for ethanol this year. Some farmers, such as Schipper, may sell up to 70% of their crop to produce ethanol. There are five ethanol plants within a 50-mile radius of his home But a five-year boom in corn ethanol production may be coming to an end – or at least that is the hope of some campaigners. “I think we are at a turning point. We are full to the gills with corn ethanol,” said Jeremy Martin, who studies biofuels for the Union of Concerned Scientists . As a start, the industry is due to lose some of its government support – more than 30 years after Jimmy Carter first began subsidising corn ethanol to encourage the development of a homegrown plant-based fuel. Congress is expected to end $6bn in subsidies during the debt deal negotiations. The subsidy had been directed to the oil firms which incorporate ethanol into their products. Fuel sold at most US petrol stations contains 10% ethanol. The industry had hoped to re-direct some of those funds to refitting petrol stations to take more ethanol, under a deal reached in the Senate last July. But the subsequent US debt ceiling deal, with its demands for deep cuts, now makes that unlikely. “Washington is out of money,” said Sheila Karpf, an analyst at the Environmental Working Group , a non-profit organisation. For farmers like Schipper, and ethanol refiners, there will be little reason to mourn the end of the subsidy, arguing that the money went directly to the oil industry anyway. But campaign groups estimate it could lead to a slight drop in corn prices. “It won’t make a big difference for American farmers but it could make a huge difference for impoverished countries,” said Marie Brill, an analyst at ActionAid . This year’s famine in the Horn of Africa has a complex set of causes, not least a dire political situation that has made problems much worse, but it has served to refocus attention on global food prices – and the impact of harvesting biofuels such as corn ethanol. The US is the world’s largest producer and exporter of corn, giving it the power to dictate global market responses. Domestic consumption of corn, as ethanol, has driven up the price of corn worldwide , according to studies from the World Bank and other institutions. The high prices for corn – while driving hunger in Africa – have encouraged other farmers to turn over land from wheat, soybeans, or even pasture to corn production. US farmers planted 92m acres of corn this year, up from 4m acres last year, according to the US department of agriculture. “Farmers are tearing up any little bit of land they had and going to corn,” said Brill. The concern over the global food crisis added new urgency to existing campaigns against the use of corn ethanol. Environmental groups had argued that its use offered no meaningful reduction in greenhouse gas emissions – in part because of the vast use of energy and water in the ethanol conversion process. As a food crop, corn is also far more damaging to the environment than other crops, such as soybeans, because it uses more pesticides and fertiliser. “The research is very clear by now. Turning corn into ethanol is not environmentally sound,” said Bill Freese of the Centre for Food Safety . “It’s really an environmental disaster.” That was not what was intended when Carter promoted the use of ethanol as a way to get America off imported oil, offering subsidies to industries to mix the fuel. The industry never really took off – even with federal funding. By 2001, 6% of corn crop was being used to produce ethanol. But energy policies brought in by George W Bush which set production quota to encourage the use of biofuels allowed the industry to take off. By last year, nearly 40% of US corn was going to produce ethanol. It is less clear, however, whether corn ethanol is having a major effect in helping America reduce its consumption of fossil fuels. Corn ethanol will displace just 7% of the energy supplied by oil by 2020, according to an analysis by Freese. Campaigners argue that the entrenched government supports for corn ethanol have blocked the development of next generations of greener biofuels made from wood or the non-edible parts of plants, known as cellulosic biofuels. “Corn ethanol continues to eat up the market and even eat up grant money that could be used to spur the development of cellulosic and advanced biofuels,” said Sheila Karpf, an analyst at the Environmental Working Group. Getting rid of corn ethanol though is another matter. For farmers like Schipper, ethanol has brought stability and new sources of income. Over the years, the refineries have spun off another industry in animal feed lots, which buy up the unused parts of the corn kernel to feed to pigs, cattle and turkey. Harris Haywood, who runs a nearby cattle finishing operation, estimates he has cut back on his corn use by 40%, by re-using the product from the ethanol refinery. “The byproduct is very, very cheap compared with corn,” he said. “And we can vary our rations to the price of corn. If corn gets cheap we can use more corn.” It’s going to be hard to persuade farmers away from ethanol. Despite the increasingly negative public opinion on ethanol Schipper is just not ready to give up on it yet. “Everything has turned on us, but ethanol is still a great thing,” he said. “It’s been good for us.” Biofuels Energy Renewable energy United States Farming Food US Congress US politics Suzanne Goldenberg guardian.co.uk

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Obama tours midwest in move to win back support

President hopes to energise re-election campaign with tour of Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois, all of which he won last time President Barack Obama began a bus tour of the US midwest focused on jobs and the economy on Monday, aiming to leave behind doubts about his leadership that could dent his 2012 re-election prospects. The three-day trip takes him to Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois, states he won in the 2008 presidential election, but could expose Obama to voters who, polls suggest, are furious about political gridlock in Washington as he begins serious campaigning for his 2012 re-election attempt. The White House says Obama is on a listening tour to hear from Americans about the economy and talk about how to boost jobs and hiring. There are no plans announced for a major policy speech to roll out initiatives for economic growth. With unemployment at just above 9%, jobs are expected to be the central issue for voters in next year’s presidential and congressional elections. Even some of Obama’s fellow Democrats have expressed frustration that the president has not promoted plans to boost jobs growth more aggressively. Republicans blasted the trip as a taxpayer-funded “debt end” bus tour and hammered Obama over high unemployment, record national debt and the flagging economy. Obama was distracted for much of the summer by a divisive debate over the debt and deficits that triggered a downgrade in the US credit rating and undermined the public’s faith in Washington. With his own poll numbers flagging, Obama will use the tour to tout his job-growth agenda, which includes extending a payroll tax cut, finalising free-trade pacts and authorising infrastructure projects to create positions for construction workers. He will also try to channel citizens’ anger about the bad economy against Republicans in Congress. Obama’s job approval rating dipped below 40% – to 39% – on Monday in the Gallup daily tracking poll. Obama will speak at a town hall style meeting on Monday in Cannon Falls before heading to Decorah, Iowa. He then holds a rural economic forum in Peosta, Iowa, on Tuesday and town hall meetings in Atkinson and Alpha, Illinois, on Wednesday before returning to Washington. US elections 2012 Barack Obama US politics United States Democrats guardian.co.uk

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