Scientists hope cloning technique that produced genetically modified cats will aid human and feline medical research It is a rite of passage for any sufficiently advanced genetically modified animal: at some point scientists will insert a gene that makes you glow green. The latest addition to this ever-growing list – which includes fruit flies, mice, rabbits and pigs – is the domestic cat. US researcher Eric Poeschla has produced three glowing GM cats by using a virus to carry a gene, called green fluorescent protein (GFP), into the eggs from which the animals eventually grew. This method of genetic modification is simpler and more efficient than traditional cloning techniques, and results in fewer animals being needed in the process. The GFP gene, which has its origins in jellyfish, expresses proteins that fluoresce when illuminated with certain frequencies of light. Poeschla, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, reported his results in the journal Nature Methods. This function is regularly used by scientists to monitor the activity of individual genes or cells in a wide variety of animals. The development and refinement of the GFP technique earned its scientific pioneers the Nobel prize for chemistry in 2008. In the case of the glowing cats, the scientists hope to use the GM animals in the study of HIV/Aids. “Cats are susceptible to feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV], a close relative of HIV, the cause of Aids,” said professors Helen Sang and Bruce Whitelaw of the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh, where scientists cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996. “The application of the new technology suggested in this paper is to develop the use of genetically-modified cats for the study of FIV, providing valuable information for the study of Aids. “This is potentially valuable but the uses of genetically modified cats as models for human diseases are likely to be limited and only justified if other models – for example in more commonly used laboratory animals, like mice and rats – are not suitable.” Dr Robin Lovell-Badge, head of developmental genetics at the Medical Research Council’s national institute for medical research, said: “Cats are one of the few animal species that are normally susceptible to such viruses, and indeed they are subject to a pandemic, with symptoms as devastating to cats as they are to humans. “Understanding how to confer resistance is … of equal importance to cat health and human health.” Medical research Animals United States Cloning Genetics Biology Aids and HIV Alok Jha guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Click here to view this media Folk singer Paul Simon remembered the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001 by singing the song that first propelled the duo Simon & Garfunkel into popularity. Simon wrote “The Sound of Silence” in 1964, a year after the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The song took on a different meaning at 10:41 a.m. ET Sunday as Simon performed it at Ground Zero. “Hello darkness, my old friend / I’ve come to talk with you again” In their first 2001 episode after the 9/11 attacks, Simon had performed “The Boxer” on NBC’s Saturday Night Live .
Continue reading …Click here to view this media Many Americas have criticized former President George W. Bush for sitting silently in a classroom for seven minutes after learning the country was under attack on Sept. 11, 2011, but his former chief of staff isn’t one of them. Andy Card told CNN’s Anderson Cooper Sunday that he was “pleased” with how the former president responded. “I was a little bit surprised that he reacted so calmly when I said words that were so outrageous, but I actually was pleased with how he reacted,” Card explained. “I said, ‘A second plane hit the second tower. America is under attack,’” he recalled. “And then I stood back from him so that he couldn’t ask me a question. And I kind of thought he might turn and look at me and start to talk, and I didn’t want want him to do that. So, I was pleased that he focused on the students.” In 2007, HBO’s Bill Maher called for Bush to be impeached over his initial inaction that day. “What could be more important for a president of the United States to do than to react at that moment when he hears the words, ‘The country is under attack’?” Maher asserted. For his part, Bush has argued that he was trying to “project a sense of calm.”
Continue reading …Days after men executed in Iran for homosexuality, activists from around the world come together to lobby for change An international pressure group is to be launched in Britain on Tuesday to tackle the rise in homophobic violence around the world, with a focus on Africa and the Middle East. The UK’s three main political parties have declared their support for Kaleidoscope, an independent group campaigning for the rights of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities, after a series of high-profile attacks on sexual minorities in developing countries. In January, the Ugandan gay rights activist David Kato was bludgeoned to death after he was pictured on the front of the Ugandan tabloid Rolling Stone alongside the headline Hang Them. Last week three men were executed in Iran for homosexuality. According to Kaleidoscope, more than third of all countries still have laws against consensual homosexual acts and 38 of the 54 members of the Commonwealth criminalise homosexuality. Bisi Alimi, a Nigerian gay rights activist who fell foul of the authorities after being the first person in his country to come out on a national television, is among the founding members of the organisation. “I was attacked, tied up and beaten in my own home in Lagos. For the first time in my life I not only saw a gun but I felt it right against my head. I was forced to leave my country. My dream is that others like me will be free to stay and be happy, surrounded by the love of their friends and families,” he said. Despite some progress for gay rights in the US and Latin America — such as the abolition of the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy in the US military and the legalisation of same-sex marriage in New York and Argentina — the global campaign for the rights of sexual minorities has experienced a series of setbacks in recent years. In May, the UN human rights chief, Navi Pillay, warned that hate crimes against LGBT communities were on the rise around the world. Speaking from Uganda, Francis Onyango, the lawyer representing several other gay activists also named by Rolling Stone, said not much had changed since Kato’s death. “The danger is always there. All activists mentioned in that newspaper still face death threats by religious fanatics in their so-called war on homosexuality, and stigmatisation remains widespread. But international pressure can play an important role.” The new initiative has pledged to use “effective international lobbying” with its access to the UK government and the EU to delay or prevent homophobic legalisation around the world and help strengthen groups of men and women “who take a stand against injustice and discrimination in their own countries”. Apart from its focus on international discrimination against LGBT people, Kaleidoscope will also campaign for national causes. “There are still some big issues to address,” said Lance Price, a Kaleidoscope founding member and former 10 Downing Street media adviser. “Gay marriage is one; the attitude of the immigration service towards people seeking refuge from countries where their lives could be in danger is another.” Despite the achievements in the UK, the prominent gay rights activist Peter Tatchell said many refugees fleeing homophobic persecution “are still being refused asylum and locked up in detention centres like common criminals”. The UK Border Agency rejected an asylum application of a gay Iranian on the basis that he could ‘remain discreet’ in his country, although homosexuals are executed there. The ruling was later reversed in court. Paul Canning, an activist who has campaigned for those with a well-founded fear of persecution who have been refused asylum, highlighted the case of the Ugandan gay man Robert Segwanyi. “Segwanyi fled jail and torture for what he hoped would be sanctuary here,” he said. “Despite everyone describing him as ‘obviously gay’, the Home Office still wants to return him to what would be a likely death: it has taken a big campaign to – we hope – stop them. There are many cases just like Robert’s.” Gay rights Immigration and asylum Iran Uganda Peter Tatchell Saeed Kamali Dehghan guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …The Northwest Passage was, again, free of ice this summer and the polar region could be unfrozen in just 30 years Arctic sea ice has melted to a level not recorded since satellite observations started in 1972 – and almost certainly not experienced for at least 8,000 years, say polar scientists. Daily satellite sea-ice maps released by Bremen university physicists show that with a week’s more melt expected this year, the floating ice in the Arctic covered an area of 4.24 million square kilometres on 8 September. The previous one-day minimum was 4.27m sq km on 17 September 2007. The US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado, which also tracks the extent of sea ice , has not posted data for a week but is expected to announce similar results in the next few days. The German researchers said the record melt was undoubtedly because of human-induced global warming. “The sea-ice retreat can no more be explained with the natural variability from one year to the next, caused by weather influence,” said Georg Heygster, head of the Institute of Environmental Physics at Bremen. “It seems to be clear that this is a further consequence of the man-made global warming with global consequences. Climate models show that the reduction is related to the man-made global warming, which, due to the albedo effect, is particularly pronounced in the Arctic,” he said. The albedo effect is related to a surface’s reflecting power – whiter sea ice reflects more of the sun’s heat back into space than darker seawater, which absorbs the sun’s heat and gets warmer. Floating Arctic sea ice naturally melts and re-freezes annually, but the speed of change in a generation has shocked scientists – it is now twice as great as it was in 1972, according to the NSIDC, with a decline of about 10% per decade. Arctic temperatures have risen more than twice as fast as the global average over the past half century. Separate, less reliable, research suggests that Arctic ice is in a downward spiral, declining in area but also thinning. Using records of air, wind and sea temperature, scientists from the Polar Science Centre of the University of Washington , Seattle, announced last week that the Arctic sea-ice volume reached its lowest ever level in 2010 and was on course to set more records this year. The new data suggests that the volume of sea ice last month appeared to be about 2,135 cubic miles – just half the average volume and 62% lower than the maximum volume of ice that covered the Arctic in 1979. The research will be published in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research . “Ice volume is now plunging faster than it did at the same time last year when the record was set,” said Axel Schweiger. If current trends continue, a largely ice-free Arctic in the summer months is likely within 30 years –that is up to 40 years earlier than was anticipated in the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. The last time the Arctic was uncontestably free of summertime ice was 125,000 years ago, at the height of the last major interglacial period, known as the Eemian. ” This stunning loss of Arctic sea ice is yet another wake-up call that climate change is here now and is having devastating effects around the world,” Shaye Wolf , climate science director at the Centre for Biological Diversity in San Francisco told journalists. Arctic ice plays a critical role in regulating Earth’s climate by reflecting sunlight and keeping the polar region cool. Retreating summer sea ice is widely described by scientists as both a measure and a driver of global warming, with negative impacts on a local and planetary scale. This year, both the North-west and North-east passages were mostly ice free, as they have been twice since 2008. Last month, the 74,000-tonne STI Heritage tanker passed through the North-east Passage with the assistance of ice breakers in just eight days on its way from Houston, Texas, to Thailand . The north-east sea route, which links the Atlantic to the Pacific, is likely to become a commercial ship operator’s favourite, saving thousands of miles and avoiding tolls on the Suez Canal tolls. Further evidence of dramatic change in the Arctic came last week from Alan Hubbard, a Welsh glaciologist at Aberystwyth University, who has been studying the Petermann glacier in northern Greenland for several years. The glacier, which covers about 6% of the icecap, is 186 miles (300km) long and up to 3,280ft (1km) high. In August last year, a 100 square-mile (260 sq km) block of ice calved from the glacier. Photographs show that by July this year it had melted and disappeared. “I was gobsmacked. It [was] like looking into the Grand Canyon full of ice and coming back two years later to find it full of water,” said Hubbard. Last year (2010) tied with 2005 as the warmest year on record. Climate change Arctic Glaciers Greenland Climate change Sea level Water transport John Vidal guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …The Northwest Passage was, again, free of ice this summer and the polar region could be unfrozen in just 30 years Arctic sea ice has melted to a level not recorded since satellite observations started in 1972 – and almost certainly not experienced for at least 8,000 years, say polar scientists. Daily satellite sea-ice maps released by Bremen university physicists show that with a week’s more melt expected this year, the floating ice in the Arctic covered an area of 4.24 million square kilometres on 8 September. The previous one-day minimum was 4.27m sq km on 17 September 2007. The US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado, which also tracks the extent of sea ice , has not posted data for a week but is expected to announce similar results in the next few days. The German researchers said the record melt was undoubtedly because of human-induced global warming. “The sea-ice retreat can no more be explained with the natural variability from one year to the next, caused by weather influence,” said Georg Heygster, head of the Institute of Environmental Physics at Bremen. “It seems to be clear that this is a further consequence of the man-made global warming with global consequences. Climate models show that the reduction is related to the man-made global warming, which, due to the albedo effect, is particularly pronounced in the Arctic,” he said. The albedo effect is related to a surface’s reflecting power – whiter sea ice reflects more of the sun’s heat back into space than darker seawater, which absorbs the sun’s heat and gets warmer. Floating Arctic sea ice naturally melts and re-freezes annually, but the speed of change in a generation has shocked scientists – it is now twice as great as it was in 1972, according to the NSIDC, with a decline of about 10% per decade. Arctic temperatures have risen more than twice as fast as the global average over the past half century. Separate, less reliable, research suggests that Arctic ice is in a downward spiral, declining in area but also thinning. Using records of air, wind and sea temperature, scientists from the Polar Science Centre of the University of Washington , Seattle, announced last week that the Arctic sea-ice volume reached its lowest ever level in 2010 and was on course to set more records this year. The new data suggests that the volume of sea ice last month appeared to be about 2,135 cubic miles – just half the average volume and 62% lower than the maximum volume of ice that covered the Arctic in 1979. The research will be published in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research . “Ice volume is now plunging faster than it did at the same time last year when the record was set,” said Axel Schweiger. If current trends continue, a largely ice-free Arctic in the summer months is likely within 30 years –that is up to 40 years earlier than was anticipated in the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. The last time the Arctic was uncontestably free of summertime ice was 125,000 years ago, at the height of the last major interglacial period, known as the Eemian. ” This stunning loss of Arctic sea ice is yet another wake-up call that climate change is here now and is having devastating effects around the world,” Shaye Wolf , climate science director at the Centre for Biological Diversity in San Francisco told journalists. Arctic ice plays a critical role in regulating Earth’s climate by reflecting sunlight and keeping the polar region cool. Retreating summer sea ice is widely described by scientists as both a measure and a driver of global warming, with negative impacts on a local and planetary scale. This year, both the North-west and North-east passages were mostly ice free, as they have been twice since 2008. Last month, the 74,000-tonne STI Heritage tanker passed through the North-east Passage with the assistance of ice breakers in just eight days on its way from Houston, Texas, to Thailand . The north-east sea route, which links the Atlantic to the Pacific, is likely to become a commercial ship operator’s favourite, saving thousands of miles and avoiding tolls on the Suez Canal tolls. Further evidence of dramatic change in the Arctic came last week from Alan Hubbard, a Welsh glaciologist at Aberystwyth University, who has been studying the Petermann glacier in northern Greenland for several years. The glacier, which covers about 6% of the icecap, is 186 miles (300km) long and up to 3,280ft (1km) high. In August last year, a 100 square-mile (260 sq km) block of ice calved from the glacier. Photographs show that by July this year it had melted and disappeared. “I was gobsmacked. It [was] like looking into the Grand Canyon full of ice and coming back two years later to find it full of water,” said Hubbard. Last year (2010) tied with 2005 as the warmest year on record. Climate change Arctic Glaciers Greenland Climate change Sea level Water transport John Vidal guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Silent tribute to 20,000 dead and missing as pessimism over recovery and anxiety over radiation remain Japan on Sunday marked six months since an earthquake and tsunami devastated its north-east coast, amid pessimism about the recovery effort and anxiety over radiation leaks from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Across the region hit by the disaster, people bowed their heads in silence at 2:46 pm, the moment a magnitude-9 earthquake – the biggest in Japan’s recorded history – struck, setting off a tsunami that would leave about 20,000 people dead or missing, and trigger the world’s worst nuclear accident for 25 years. The tsunami damaged or destroyed 80,000 homes and disrupted supply lines to key industries, while the nuclear crisis spread radiation over large areas and forced the evacuation of about 100,000 people living in or near a 20-kilometre exclusion zone around the plant. The recovery effort is expected to take years to complete at a cost of hundreds of billions of dollars. So far, only four of the 31 communities worst affected by the disaster have completed draft reconstruction plans. On Saturday, Japan’s new prime minister, Yoshihiko Noda, made his first visit to the tsunami disaster zone, promising local leaders he would speed up the reconstruction effort. Despite progress in rehousing an estimated 400,000 displaced people and clearing millions of tonnes of debris, many survivors say they face a bleak future. According to a survey by the public broadcaster NHK, 158,000 people lost their jobs in the three hardest-hit prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima. Half of those surveyed said they had no prospect of finding work or would lose their incomes within a year. The Red Cross said Japanese bureaucracy had delayed the provision of assistance to victims. “The speed and scope of implementing the response during the emergency phase was not as swift and comprehensive as [we] wished, partly due to the structure of disaster management in Japan, partly because of insufficient preparedness,” it said in a report. Noda, Japan’s seventh prime minister in five years , is dealing with the first crisis of his administration with the resignation of his trade and industry minister, who described the area near Fukushima Daiichi as “towns of death”. Yoshio Hachiro, who had been in the post for just over a week, apologised for the remark, made after a visit to areas near Fukushima Daiichi that have been declared no-go zones. He added: “You can’t find a place like that anywhere. I couldn’t think of any other way to describe it.” Hachiro’s fate was sealed on Saturday after newspaper reports that he had also pretended to rub his sleeve against a journalist while joking that he might be contaminated with radiation. Noda, who took office vowing to bring stability to Japanese politics, said: “I apologise deeply to the people of Fukushima, who have had their feelings badly hurt. I continue to believe that without a revival in Fukushima, there will be no revival of Japan.” Last month the government warned that dangerously high radiation levels could make areas near the plant unfit for human habitation for years , possibly decades. On Sunday, thousands demonstrated against nuclear power in Tokyo and several other cities. In one of the biggest protests, 2,500 people marched past the headquarters of Fukushima Daiichi’s operator, Tokyo Electric Power, and formed a human chain around the trade ministry, which oversees the nuclear power industry. Japan Japan disaster Nuclear power Justin McCurry guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …The PM’s ‘families champion’ helped to design job programme for troubled households for which her company has now bid David Cameron’s senior adviser on troubled families has set up a firm to bid for work under a programme to get 120,000 households into work that she helped design, despite publicly saying that to make money from the scheme would be a “conflict of interest”, according to documents obtained by the Guardian . Emma Harrison, the multimillionaire founder of private welfare company A4e , was anointed the “families champion” last December. The prime minister singled her out in a key post-riot speech last month, saying she had “develop[ed] a plan to help get these families on track”. Harrison told the Guardian she withdrew from bidding when the government announced the first tranche of contracts, worth £200m, in February. She said she had accepted the unpaid role but had been “shocked” to learn there would be hundreds of millions of pounds in funding. “Chris Grayling [the welfare minister] told me he had got £200m. It was a bit of a shock … I thought: ‘Oh crikey, that makes me feel a bit awkward. We will have to withdraw [from the bidding].’” But documents sent to private firms who did bid for the work reveal that Harrison’s company had set up in January a “partnership” called Families Unlimited, with a former civil servant who until this year was running the Department for Education’s “support services for families with multiple needs”, to pitch for the cash. Families Unlimited offered to execute the work won by “prime contractors” for a fee. In blunt language, the documents say that “A4e will not bid as a prime contractor … due to a conflict of interest arising from the work of its founder and chairman, Emma Harrison, through the Working Families Everywhere initiative. However, DWP [the Department for Work and Pensions] have advised that no conflict arises where A4e is acting as a subcontractor.” The bidding documents stress the complex nature of dealing with families where adults often have a mental illness or an addiction to drink and drugs that renders them incapable of even rudimentary parenting. They point out that 28% of such families have child protection issues and 82% have engaged in “antisocial behaviour”. Navigating local authorities and the “plethora of agencies and services” means “few prime contractors will have specialist experience in delivering services to families who present with significant levels of need”, the documents say. Families Unlimited states its “credibility with DWP” and that A4e’s relationships with 10,000 employers are reasons to hire the firm. In a frank admission on how it will help these chaotic families get jobs, it suggests setting up family businesses to “engage the whole [household] in self-employment”. By its own admission, a fifth of such family enterprises do not last more than six months. Debbie Abrahams, a Labour member of the work and pensions select committee, called on No 10 to “reassess Harrison’s fitness as an adviser”. Abrahams said the PM “needs to urgently decide whether Harrison is fit to remain in her current role as his families champion. If she is using her position as a government adviser to win government contracts, that would be utterly unacceptable.” A spokeswoman for Harrison said Families Unlimited “would be doing consultancy and service delivery to help families get into work” and that A4ewas not bidding at all for the work. “If contractors choose to work with Families Unlimited, then that’s up to them.” Helping all 120,000 families requires a change in government spending. Labour tried to help troubled families but helped just 7,300 households in the four years to 2010. Part of the reason is cost – an average of £20,000 a family is required to pay for the services they engage with each year, ranging from social services to the police and child protection officers. At this level of spending, the government’s programme would cost £2.5bn a year. With up to 20 agencies supporting each family, coalition ministers say this is “ineffective and costly”. David Cameron told BBC Radio 4′s Today programme that he would invest to save the public purse in the long run. The government’s own figures suggest that in some cases the taxpayer shells out more than £250,000 a family each year. “It’s going to be done … it will be a great investment to save money,” said the PM. Ministers have told Harrison that about 50,000 of the 120,000 troubled families are ready for work. As a first step, she says this will need about 5,000 “family champions”, paid by local councils to chivvy and cajole workless families into work. Doubts have been raised as to whether there are enough jobs available for all these families, especially when in some deprived areas there are 30 people chasing every vacancy but, according to Harrison, there are “hidden jobs everywhere” as two-thirds of jobs are never advertised. “Family champions will need to know where the jobs are. They need to bang on employers’ doors,” she said. She claims her own company, A4e, has been doing this for years, but critics point to evidence suggesting it has failed to meet performance targets. One project in London, which was supposed to help 400 people find long-term work at a cost of £2,500 per client, helped just 14 into jobs a year later. Harrison said she did not know the details of such criticism, but explained that many jobless people did not bother to take up offers of help. “You know, we get schemes where 30% of people never show up. But they also sign off benefits.” Last month, the prime minister lavished praise on Harrison during a post-riot speech, in which he talked of fixing Britain’s “broken society”. Cameron said her ideas were being “held back by bureaucracy”. Welfare David Cameron Family Unemployment Randeep Ramesh guardian.co.uk
Continue reading …Forget cuts for City pals, Chris Huhne tells Tories, while Vince Cable opposes David Cameron on timing of reforms Coalition tensions have erupted over the 50p tax rate and the landmark report by Sir John Vickers to force banks to place a firewall between retail operations and their riskier “casino” investment arms. As Vickers prepared to publish his report early on Monday, ministers were engaged in a tussle over the timing of legislation to implement his reforms, which will cost between £2bn and £10bn. Vince Cable, the business secretary, wants the changes to be tacked on to the financial services bill, which is currently undergoing legislative scrutiny. David Cameron, who is nervous about jeopardising the City’s pre-eminent position, is keen to move more slowly. Cable believes the legislation needs to be passed in the next 18 months, while Cameron’s preferred timeframe is closer to the next election in 2015. The haggling over banking came as Chris Huhne, the energy and climate change secretary, warned George Osborne to “forget” any change to the 50p tax rate if such a move was designed to help the Tories’ friends in the City. In some of his most outspoken remarks since confronting the chancellor over Tory tactics in the run-up to the AV referendum, Huhne warned that the Conservatives would fail to secure the necessary votes for a change unless there was a “cast iron” economic reason. Huhne told Prospect Magazine : “If the cut in the top rate of tax is just a way of helping the Conservatives’ friends in the City to put their feet up, then forget it. They are simply not going to get the votes in the House of Commons.” The discussions about banking are taking place behind closed doors, though feelings are still running high. Lord Oakeshott of Seagrove Bay, an adviser to Cable who resigned as the Lib Dem treasury spokesman in the Lords over the lenient treatment of banks, indicated the strength of feeling when he said it would be wrong to leave banking reform out of the financial services bill, which is being used to break up the Financial Services Authority. Leaving out such reform would be “like a disarmament treaty ignoring nuclear weapons”, according to Oakeshott. “The markets hate uncertainty and now we know that the government is accepting the Vickers proposals there’s an overwhelming argument to proceed as quickly as possible,” the peer added. The Independent Commission on Banking, chaired by Vickers, will today call for banks to ring fence their high-street banking operations from their “casino” investment banking arms at a cost estimated between £2bn to £10bn. The Lib Dems like to point out that the pledge to set up the commission was the sixth item in the first section of the coalition agreement. The Vickers commission was charged with finding ways to avoid another taxpayer bailout of the banks and enhancing competition on the high street after Gordon Brown cleared the way for Lloyds to rescue HBOS during the banking crisis even though it broke competition rules. The ICB will hand a major concession to Lloyds – which dominates the high street – by dropping its earlier proposal that it should sell more branches. While the commission’s proposals are deeply unpopular with the banks, they do not go as far as the total separation Cable proposed in opposition. The business secretary will accept the proposals, to be published three days before the third anniversary of the collapse of Lehman Brothers, but wants them passed into law quickly. The prime minister, who is instinctively wary of imposing costly changes on the banks as the British economy struggles to recover, has accepted the need for action. A meeting of the “quad” last Wednesday – the prime minister, his deputy, George Osborne and his deputy Danny Alexander, who were joined by Cable – agreed to endorse the commission’s central conclusion. While Cable is pressing for the changes to be tacked on to the financial services bill, the Treasury is favouring a more cautious approach. It is suggesting a separate bill to implement the Vickers proposals later in this parliament. The prime minister is, if anything, even more cautious. The Lib Dems are adamant that the legislation must be passed by the time of the next election. They fear that waiting for fresh legislation will allow the banks to regroup and press for further delay. Danny Alexander highlighted coalition tensions when he took issue with his boss by strongly endorsing Huhne’s view that it would be wrong to abandon the 50p top rate of tax unless changes were introduced at the other end of the scale. Alexander told Sky News: “I think the last thing we need at a time when everyone in the country is feeling the pinch, where we are asking people across all parts of the economy to help contribute to those efforts to deal with the economic problems, is to have a focus on the tax burden for the wealthiest. Our priority is to reduce the tax burden for people on low and middle incomes. That is why we have an agenda of lifting the income tax threshold. “That is what we should stick to. I don’t think we should be focusing our effort on the wealthiest. It is right to say that those with the broadest shoulders need to bear their share of the burden at this difficult time.” Economic policy Liberal-Conservative coalition Liberal Democrats Conservatives Tax and spending Chris Huhne Vince Cable Danny Alexander David Cameron George Osborne Banking reform Banking Economics Nicholas Watt Jill Treanor guardian.co.uk
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