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Germany poised to vote in favour of European financial stability facility

Resounding ‘yes’ vote will help accelerate plans to establish a permanent European monetary fund The German parliament is expected to approve enhanced powers for the eurozone’s bailout fund on Thursday as plans to set up a fully fledged European monetary fund (EMF) gather pace. Senior European officials believe Berlin will revisit proposals for an EMF – first raised by German finance minister Wolfgang Schäuble in spring last year and revived by French president Nicolas Sarkozy in July this year – once the Bundestag vote is secured. The only question is the scale of the majority Chancellor Angela Merkel will win for expanding the financial guarantees available to temporary precursor of an EMF, the European financial stability facility (EFSF), with markets hoping for a reassuringly large margin of victory. On Wednesday the Finnish parliament approved the enhanced EFSF, the ninth out of the 17 eurozone states to do so. Separately, the European parliament voted overwhelmingly in favour of the so-called “six-pack” series of laws to impose tougher budgetary discipline on the eurozone’s 17 members and help to prevent the flare-up of future sovereign debt crises. It also emerged that the “troika” of experts from the EU, International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank will be in Athens on Thursday to test whether Greece is complying with the terms of its rescue through savage budget cuts and can therefore be awarded the sixth and latest tranche of its initial €110bn (£95bn) bailout, worth €8bn. Merkel told Greek television that the second rescue package, worth €109bn, might have to be renegotiated amid suggestions this would entail bondholders accepting “haircuts” – write-offs on the debts they are owed – of up to 50% rather than the 21% agreed in July. Sources have indicated that Greece has enough cash to meet its bills, including the salaries of public servants, until the end of next month but that eurozone finance ministers will approve the release of the €8bn as early as 15 October, when they will hold an unscheduled meeting on the issue. Slovakia will not be voting on the enhanced EFSF until 25 October. None the less, this flurry of activity is viewed within the European commission as evidence that the eurozone, and the EU as a whole, can respond to demands – above all from the US – for greater urgency in tackling the debt crisis and thereby restore investor confidence. Some very senior figures even welcome the outspoken and unprecedented intervention last weekend by Tim Geithner, US treasury secretary, in favour of increasing the EFSF’s financial firepower from €440bn to closer to €2 trillion as providing a salutary spur to action. Schäuble has denounced his American counterpart in the run-up to Thursday’s key Bundestag vote. But he and his colleagues are said to be keen to relaunch the notion of an EMF armed with powers to analyse, prevent and help solve debt crises. On Wednesday, José Manuel Barroso, the commission’s president, gave his backing to bring in the eurozone’s permanent crisis resolution facility – the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) – earlier than planned. The ESM is due to replace the EFSF in July 2013. He told MEPs in his annual state of the union address that the EFSF should be made both stronger and more flexible. When ratified by all 17 eurozone parliaments, it would be able to deploy precautionary intervention measures, initiate the recapitalisation of banks, and intervene in secondary markets (via bond purchases) to help avoid contagion. “Once the EFSF is ratified, we should make the most efficient use of its financial envelope. The commission is working on options to this end,” he said. “Moreover, we should do everything possible to accelerate the entry into force of the ESM.” The ESM could, senior sources indicated, be set up a year early in mid-2012 and serve as a transition to the EMF. That is the wish of Guy Verhofstadt, the ex-Belgian premier and pro-federalist leader of the liberal (ALDE) group of MEPs. He told Barroso in a letter that an EMF should be swiftly set up with sufficient funds and designed to operate under majority voting to speed decision-making. Barroso admitted that the EU was facing “the biggest challenge in all its history” and that the sovereign debt crisis was really a “crisis of political confidence” and a “baptism of fire for our whole generation”. He insisted that Greece would remain a member of the eurozone but that the answer to the crisis was to deepen economic co-ordination and integration. He reiterated his call for the creation of eurobonds and indicated that this might require changes to the EU treaties – a red rag to a bull in the UK. The commission president went further by hinting at further treaty changes to limit the use of unanimous voting, which allowed the slowest EU member states to dictate the speed of progress of all the others. “This is not credible also from the markets’ point of view; this is why we need to solve this problem of decision-making,” he said. European debt crisis Germany Euro Greece European Union Economics Europe David Gow guardian.co.uk

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New York authorities arrested seven former and current students at a top-ranked Long Island high school after charging that one of them, 19-year-old Sam Eshaghoff, collected up to $2,500 a pop to impersonate the others while taking the SAT. Eshagoff, who attends Emory University, is even accused of impersonating a female student in one case,

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Only 6 percent of all school districts in the country significantly outperform students in the developed world on math tests, according to “When the Best Is Mediocre,” a new report from the journal Education Next. Even students who attend ritzy school districts that are considered high-performing wouldn’t hold muster in a global mathalon, the report

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That nipple slip on Dancing With the Stars Monday night didn’t actually happen and people who think they saw otherwise must have been seeing, uh, things, Nancy Grace tells E! Online . “They have taken all sorts of major league industrial-type precautions for nothing to happen, and you know what, thank…

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Black Panther arrested in Portugal decades on from hijacking US flight

Fingerprints on ID card lead police to hamlet where George Wright, 68, lived for years with Portuguese wife and children A 1970s militant who carried out one of the most brazen plane hijackings in the US lived for decades in a seaside hamlet in Portugal with his Portuguese wife and two children, neighbours have said. George Wright, 68, was taken into custody by local police on Monday at the request of the US government, which is seeking his extradition for escaping from a New Jersey jail after being convicted of murder. Wright was also named as one of the hijackers of a Delta flight in 1972. The Portuguese news agency Lusa, citing unnamed police sources, said that the former Black Liberation Army member plans to fight any extradition. During a court appearance on Tuesday in Lisbon, Wright asked to be released pending the outcome of the US extradition request, and his request is being reviewed by Portuguese judicial authorities, said a spokeswoman for the US justice department. Until his arrest, Wright was living in Almocageme, 28 miles west of Lisbon. Fluent in Portuguese, he had no apparent profession but worked a series of odd jobs, most recently as a nightclub bouncer, said two neighbours. Wright married a Portuguese woman, identified by neighbours as 55-year-old Maria do Rosario Valente, the daughter of a retired Portuguese army officer. The couple had two children, Marco and Sara do Rosario Valente, now in their early 20s, who used their mother’s last name when they registered for swim classes at the local pool. It was unclear how Wright ended up in Portugal or when he learned Portuguese, but his wife worked as an occasional translator. The couple lived in a small whitewashed house in Almocageme, which lies close to broad Atlantic beaches. Wright was convicted of the 1962 murder of petrol station owner Walter Patterson during a robbery at his business in Wall, New Jersey. Patterson’s daughter told AP she wants Wright sent back quickly to the US. “I’m so thankful that now there’s justice for daddy,” she said on Wednesday. “He never got any kind of justice.” Wright possessed a Portuguese identity card that said he was born in Guinea-Bissau, a former Portuguese colony in west Africa. A photocopy of the document, shown to AP, bore the name Jose Luis Jorge dos Santos, an alias that US officials said Wright used. The identity card puts his age as 68. It was issued in 1993 and expired in 2004. Neighbours estimated the family had been in the village for at least 20 years but said they did mix much with other residents. None of them witnessed Wright’s arrest. Ricardo Salvador, who works at a local petrol station, said Wright had business cards with his first name as George and many locals called him that. “He was a very nice guy,” Salvador said. “He used to wave as he drove past and I’d shout out, ‘Hey, George!’” Most locals questioned by the AP said they assumed Wright was African, not American. “I never imagined George was in trouble,” said Salvador, 30. A fingerprint on Wright’s Portuguese ID card was the break that led a US fugitive task force to him. He was arrested by Portuguese authorities and is being detained in Lisbon. The US embassy in Lisbon referred all questions to the FBI, declining comment about the case and Wright’s extradition. Eight years into his 15- to 30-year prison term, Wright and three other men escaped from the Bayside state prison farm in Leesburg, New Jersey, in August 1970. The FBI said Wright became affiliated with an underground militant group, the Black Liberation Army, and lived in a “communal family” with several of its members in Detroit. In 1972, Wright dressed as a priest and using an alias hijacked a Delta flight from Detroit to Miami with four other BLA members and three children, including Wright’s companion and their two-year-old daughter. The other hijackers were not the men Wright escaped from prison with. The hijackers identified themselves to the Delta aeroplane passengers as a Black Panther group. After releasing the 86 other passengers in exchange for a $1m ransom delivered by an FBI agent wearing only swimming trunks the hijackers forced the plane to fly to Boston. There an international navigator was taken aboard, and the plane was flown to Algeria, where the hijackers sought asylum. The group was taken in by American writer and activist Eldridge Cleaver, who had been permitted by Algeria’s Socialist government to open an office of the Black Panther movement in that country in 1970. The Algerian president at the time professed sympathy for what he saw as worldwide liberation struggles. At the request of the American government, Algerian officials returned the plane and the money to the US. They then briefly detained the hijackers before allowing them to stay. The hijackers movements were restricted in Algeria, however, and the president ignored their calls for asylum and requests to return the ransom money to them. The group eventually made its way to France, where Wright’s associates were tracked down, arrested, tried and convicted in Paris in 1976. France, however, refused to extradite them to the US, where they would have faced longer sentences. Wright alone remained at large, and his capture was among the top priorities when the New York-New Jersey Fugitive Task Force was formed in 2002, according to Michael Schroeder, a spokesman for the US marshals service, who worked with New Jersey’s FBI and other agencies on the task force. The New Jersey department of corrections brought along all its old escape cases when the task force began operating, Schroeder said, and investigators started the case anew. They reviewed reports from the 1970s, interviewed Wright’s victims and the pilots of the plane he hijacked. An address in Portugal was one of several on a list of places they wanted to check out, but Schroeder said there was nothing special about it. “It was another box to get checked, so to speak,” he said. That changed last week, when details started falling into place with the help of Portuguese authorities. “They have a national ID registry,” Schroeder said. “They pulled that. That confirmed his print matched the prints with the DOC. The sketch matched the picture on his ID card.” By the weekend, US authorities were on a plane to Portugal. And on Monday, Portuguese police staking out Wright’s home found him there. United States Portugal Europe guardian.co.uk

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US prisoner forbidden to read Pulitzer-winning history book

Inmate sues under civil rights legislation, after Alabama jail withholds study of the historical treatment of black Americans A prisoner in an Alabama jail has claimed in a lawsuit that his jailers prevented him from reading a Pulitzer prize-winning book about America’s racial history, thereby violating his civil rights. Kilby Correctional Facility inmate Mark Melvin says he was sent Douglas Blackmon’s award-winning history book Slavery By Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II in September 2010, but was told he was not allowed it, according to a civil rights lawsuit filed by the Equal Justice Initiative in the US district court for the middle district of Alabama. The news comes as the US marks Banned Books Week , an annual nationwide celebration of the right to read. The complaint claims Melvin, serving a life sentence after being charged at 14 with helping his older brother commit two murders, was denied access to the book because of regulations which allow officials to withhold mail if it could be “an attempt to incite violence based on race, religion, sex, creed or nationality”. Based on original documents and personal narratives, Slavery By Another Name tells of the tens of thousands of “free” black Americans who were bought and sold as forced labourers decades after the official abolition of slavery. “[The book] is a Pulitzer prize-winning historical account of racial oppression and racial bias in the Southern United States [which] does not advocate violence or a violent ideology, nor does it attempt to incite violence based on race,” writes Equal Justice Initiative director and lawyer Bryan Stevenson in the complaint. Stevenson said in a statement that banning an award-winning book about racial history in the South was “not only misguided, but … injurious to anyone who is trying to advance our society on issues of race” . “The era of racial violence, lynching, and convict leasing in the South following Reconstruction is a deeply disturbing part of our country’s racial history that is important and must be understood if we are to make progress overcoming the legacy of slavery and racial subordination. We can’t cope with the racial history of this country by banning books or preventing people from reading about it – even incarcerated people, who retain basic rights and protections that were violated in this case,” he said. “The need for more informed thinking about race and discrimination is especially critical in prisons, which are disproportionately filled with people of colour.” The book’s author Blackmon, a Wall Street Journal correspondent, told the New York Times that “the idea that a book like mine is somehow incendiary or a call to violence is so absurd” . A spokesman for the Alabama Department of Corrections told the paper that officials had not seen the suit on Monday and could not comment. Banned Books Week Libraries United States Censorship Alison Flood guardian.co.uk

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US prisoner forbidden to read Pulitzer-winning history book

Inmate sues under civil rights legislation, after Alabama jail withholds study of the historical treatment of black Americans A prisoner in an Alabama jail has claimed in a lawsuit that his jailers prevented him from reading a Pulitzer prize-winning book about America’s racial history, thereby violating his civil rights. Kilby Correctional Facility inmate Mark Melvin says he was sent Douglas Blackmon’s award-winning history book Slavery By Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II in September 2010, but was told he was not allowed it, according to a civil rights lawsuit filed by the Equal Justice Initiative in the US district court for the middle district of Alabama. The news comes as the US marks Banned Books Week , an annual nationwide celebration of the right to read. The complaint claims Melvin, serving a life sentence after being charged at 14 with helping his older brother commit two murders, was denied access to the book because of regulations which allow officials to withhold mail if it could be “an attempt to incite violence based on race, religion, sex, creed or nationality”. Based on original documents and personal narratives, Slavery By Another Name tells of the tens of thousands of “free” black Americans who were bought and sold as forced labourers decades after the official abolition of slavery. “[The book] is a Pulitzer prize-winning historical account of racial oppression and racial bias in the Southern United States [which] does not advocate violence or a violent ideology, nor does it attempt to incite violence based on race,” writes Equal Justice Initiative director and lawyer Bryan Stevenson in the complaint. Stevenson said in a statement that banning an award-winning book about racial history in the South was “not only misguided, but … injurious to anyone who is trying to advance our society on issues of race” . “The era of racial violence, lynching, and convict leasing in the South following Reconstruction is a deeply disturbing part of our country’s racial history that is important and must be understood if we are to make progress overcoming the legacy of slavery and racial subordination. We can’t cope with the racial history of this country by banning books or preventing people from reading about it – even incarcerated people, who retain basic rights and protections that were violated in this case,” he said. “The need for more informed thinking about race and discrimination is especially critical in prisons, which are disproportionately filled with people of colour.” The book’s author Blackmon, a Wall Street Journal correspondent, told the New York Times that “the idea that a book like mine is somehow incendiary or a call to violence is so absurd” . A spokesman for the Alabama Department of Corrections told the paper that officials had not seen the suit on Monday and could not comment. Banned Books Week Libraries United States Censorship Alison Flood guardian.co.uk

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UK not monitoring safety of Tamils deported to Sri Lanka

Admission comes hours before up to 50 people denied asylum were due to be flown back despite warnings they risk torture or even death The government has conceded that it is doing nothing to establish what is happening to scores of Tamils who are being forcibly removed from the UK despite concerns for their safety in Sri Lanka. A flight chartered by the UK Border Agency was due to depart on Wednesday with up to 50 failed asylum applicants on board, 24 hours after several human rights groups warned that they could face detention without trial, torture or even death. As lawyers for some of the individuals lodged last-minute appeals, the agency claimed that arrangements to monitor the welfare of the deportees had been sub-contracted to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), an inter-governmental body. When the IOM denied this, the agency conceded that the only measure being taken to ensure the safety of Tamils who are forcibly removed from the UK to Sri Lanka was to give them the telephone number and address of the British high commission in Colombo. In a letter to Keith Best, head of Freedom from Torture, one of the NGOs expressing concern about the deportations, Rob Whiteman, chief executive of the UK Border Agency, said: “Individuals are provided with the contact details of the high commission in Colombo and may contact them if they require any assistance.” Best had asked Damian Green, the immigration minister, to explain whether any arrangements were in place to monitor the safety of deportees. The Foreign Office believes that the humanitarian and security situation has improved for both Tamils and the majority Sinhalese population since civil war ended in May 2009. However, Freedom from Torture, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International are all expressing concern about the safety of Tamils forced to return, saying there is evidence that they are continuing to suffer severe mistreatment or being “disappeared”. There is also concern among human rights groups and immigration lawyers that the Border Agency is taking decisions on the basis of assurances given by Sri Lankan intelligence officers – the very people accused of perpetrating many of the alleged abuses. In its latest report on the risks faced by Tamils imprisoned by the government, the Border Agency says it has relied in part on an assurance that the UK high commission in Colombo obtained from senior intelligence officials. The report quotes an official at the mission as saying last May: “I asked the senior government intelligence officials if there was any truth in allegations that the Sri Lankan authorities were torturing suspects. They denied this was the case and added that many Sri Lankans who had claimed asylum abroad had inflicted wounds on themselves in order to create scars to support their stories.” A number of Tamils who had been taken into detention in recent weeks after the failure of their asylum applications were told at the last moment on Wednesday that they would not be put on the flight due to depart that afternoon, as planned. The Border Agency said it would not reveal details of the flight “for security reasons”. Immigration and asylum Sri Lanka Human rights Ian Cobain guardian.co.uk

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UK not monitoring safety of Tamils deported to Sri Lanka

Admission comes hours before up to 50 people denied asylum were due to be flown back despite warnings they risk torture or even death The government has conceded that it is doing nothing to establish what is happening to scores of Tamils who are being forcibly removed from the UK despite concerns for their safety in Sri Lanka. A flight chartered by the UK Border Agency was due to depart on Wednesday with up to 50 failed asylum applicants on board, 24 hours after several human rights groups warned that they could face detention without trial, torture or even death. As lawyers for some of the individuals lodged last-minute appeals, the agency claimed that arrangements to monitor the welfare of the deportees had been sub-contracted to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), an inter-governmental body. When the IOM denied this, the agency conceded that the only measure being taken to ensure the safety of Tamils who are forcibly removed from the UK to Sri Lanka was to give them the telephone number and address of the British high commission in Colombo. In a letter to Keith Best, head of Freedom from Torture, one of the NGOs expressing concern about the deportations, Rob Whiteman, chief executive of the UK Border Agency, said: “Individuals are provided with the contact details of the high commission in Colombo and may contact them if they require any assistance.” Best had asked Damian Green, the immigration minister, to explain whether any arrangements were in place to monitor the safety of deportees. The Foreign Office believes that the humanitarian and security situation has improved for both Tamils and the majority Sinhalese population since civil war ended in May 2009. However, Freedom from Torture, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International are all expressing concern about the safety of Tamils forced to return, saying there is evidence that they are continuing to suffer severe mistreatment or being “disappeared”. There is also concern among human rights groups and immigration lawyers that the Border Agency is taking decisions on the basis of assurances given by Sri Lankan intelligence officers – the very people accused of perpetrating many of the alleged abuses. In its latest report on the risks faced by Tamils imprisoned by the government, the Border Agency says it has relied in part on an assurance that the UK high commission in Colombo obtained from senior intelligence officials. The report quotes an official at the mission as saying last May: “I asked the senior government intelligence officials if there was any truth in allegations that the Sri Lankan authorities were torturing suspects. They denied this was the case and added that many Sri Lankans who had claimed asylum abroad had inflicted wounds on themselves in order to create scars to support their stories.” A number of Tamils who had been taken into detention in recent weeks after the failure of their asylum applications were told at the last moment on Wednesday that they would not be put on the flight due to depart that afternoon, as planned. The Border Agency said it would not reveal details of the flight “for security reasons”. Immigration and asylum Sri Lanka Human rights Ian Cobain guardian.co.uk

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Consumers reduced their spending on most goods and services last year, as incomes dipped. But spending in two areas bucked the trend, according to a new report. “Consumer groups” — essentially, families or single people–spent $48,109 on average last year–a drop of 2 percent from 2009, a Labor Department study found (pdf). Behind the decrease

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